t a AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY QL 614 .A43 V.2 .A 4-3 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY Special Publication No. 2 -^ ru □ m CD A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada (SECOND EDITION) A/^Ssrf>* '-^\ Report of the Committee on Names of Fishes, Presented at the —---^ Ei^ty-ninth Annual Meeting, Clearwater, Florida, September 16-18, 1959 Reeve M. Bailey, Chairman Ernest A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. Richard Robins Phil M. Roedel, W. B. Scott, Loren P. Woods Ann Arbor, Michigan • 1960 Copies of this publication may be purchased for $1.00 each (paper cover) or $2.00 (cloth cover). Orders, accompanied by remittance payable to the American Fisheries Society, should be addressed to E. A. Seaman, Secretary-Treasurer, American Fisheries Society, Box 483, McLean, Virginia. Copyright 1960 American Fisheries Society Printed by Waverly Press, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland lutroduction This second list of the names of fishes of the United States and Canada is not sim- ply a reprinting with corrections, but con- stitutes a major revision and enlargement. The earlier list, published in 1948 as Special Publication No. 1 of the American Fisheries Society, has been widely used and has contributed substantially toward its goal of achieving uniformity and avoiding confusion in nomenclature. Of the 570 names on that list, 560 are retained in the present version. The 10 removed have since proved to be synonyms of other included species, or are extralimital. In the preparation of the first list, the Committee made arbitrary decisions as to what species should be included as "better known fishes." As interest in fishes expands, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine when a given species merits an approved vernacular or common name. The present Committee has avoided this decision by attempting to include common names for all native and successfully introduced species in the region of coverage. Except for possi- ble errors of oversight, the chief failure to realize complete listing involves small, rare, and poorly -kno^vn forms near the periphery of our area: Bering Sea, deepwater fishes that occasionally are found over the conti- nental shelf, and Caribbean species that sporadically invade southern Florida. As knowledge of such forms increases they may be added in subsequent revisions. This list includes 1892 entries, more than a threefold increase. We make no apology for the greater length, believing that these small, less well- known fishes have real or potential impor- tance as laboratory experimental animals, in public or private aquaria, for bait, or, most often, simply as objects of natural- history inquiry or aesthetic appeal. The plan of organization and indexing are such that the inclusion of the lesser fishes need not interfere with use by those not concerned with them. Area of Coverage The present fist purports to include all species of fishes known from the fresh waters of the continental United States and Can- ada, and those marine species inhabiting contiguous shore waters on or above the continental shelf, to a depth of 100 fathoms. The shore fishes from Greenland, eastern Canada and the United States, and the northern Gulf of Mexico to the mouth of the Rio Grande are included, but those from Iceland, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Cuba and the other West Indian islands, and Mexico are excluded unless they occur also in the region covered. In the Pacific, the area treated includes that part of the conti- nental shelf from the Mexican-United States boundary to Bering Strait. The Arctic shore waters of Alaska and Canada are included. Hawaii, with a large and strikingly different Indo-Pacific fish fauna, is excluded. Deep- sea fishes, whether benthic or bathypelagic, are excluded unless they appear also within the 100-fathom isobath. In practice this line of distinction is difficult to apply, and becomes arbitrary to that extent. Pelagic fishes that enter waters over the continental shelf are included. The fist provides a general guide to distribution: "A" denotes Atlantic Ocean but includes the eastern Arctic, "P" refers to Pacific Ocean and includes the western Arctic, and "F" indi- cates occurrence in fresh water. Appropriate combinations of letters are used for those fishes that live, either naturally or by intro- duction, in more than one of these regions. Common Names The Committee aims at the development of a body of common names that reflect broad current usage, the creation of a richer, more meaningful and colorful vernac- ular nomenclature, and the promotion of mechanisms that will add to stability and the universality of names applied to Ameri- can fishes. The common name as here employed is viewed as a formal, usually anglicized appellation to be used in lieu of the Latin- ized scientific name of a species. It is hoped, and the history of the recent past confirms, that common names may be more stable than scientific names. Certainly they should be more readily adaptable to lay uses than scientific names. There is clear need for standardization and uniformity in vernac- ular names not only for sport or commercial fishes, but as trade names, for aquarium fishes, in legal terminology, and as substi- tutes for scientific names of almost any fish AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY in popular or scientific writing. The Com- mittee believes that it is desirable to estab- lish a common name for each species of fish occurring naturally or through successful introduction in the waters of English- speaking North America. Agreement on many names may be arrived at quickly, but others are attended by complications and marked disagreement develops. This is especially true of fish known by market names that differ from those names that are more familiar to sport fishermen, biologists or others. The exist- ence for a single species of different names in separate parts of its geographic range creates difficulties that seem soluble only through arbitration. Conversely a given name may be employed in several places for diverse species. Although committee action on such situations may not be expected to change local use quickly, at least it seems plainly improper to sanction use of one name for two or more different species. After wrestling with common names for over twenty years, the Committee on Names of Fishes realized the importance of estab- lishing a set of guiding principles to be employed in the determination of names. Such a code permits a more objective ap- praisal of the relative merits among several names than if selection is based primarily on personal experience and preference. Consideration of many vernacular names of fishes makes it apparent that few principles can be established for which some exceptions must not be admitted. This is true because at this late date a majority of our larger and more abundant, hence important, species have such firmly established common names that it would be unrealistic to reject them. Decision on the name for a species may often be decided by weighing the pros and cons among the possible alternatives and selecting that one which best fits the aggre- gate of guiding criteria. In the introduction to the earlier list of names a number of rules of procedure were itemized. Recently the Committee incorpo- rated these into the following statement of criteria that it regards as appropriate to the selection of common names of fishes. Principles Governing Selection OF Common Names^ 1. A single vernacular name shall he accepted for each species or taxonomic unit included. — ' First printed in 1955 (Trans. Am. Fish. Soc, Vol. 84 [1954] pp. 368-371). In the present fist only two fishes have two approved names : redfish and ocean perch for Sebastes marinus; cisco and lake herring for Coregonus artedii. 2. No two species on the list shall have the same approved name. 3. The expression ''common" as part of a fish's name shall be avoided wherever possible. 4. Simplicity in names is favored. — Hyphens, suffixes, and apostrophes shall be omitted (e.g., smallmouth bass) except where they are orthographically essential (e.g., three- eye flounder), have a special meaning (e.g., C-0 sole), or are necessary to avoid possible misunderstanding (e.g., cusk-eel). Compounded modifying words, including paired structures, should usually be treated as singular nouns in apposition with a group name (e.g., spottail shiner, soupfin shark), but a plural modifier should usually be placed in adjectival form (e.g., black- banded sunfish, spotted hake). Preference shall be given to names that are short and euphonious. The compounding of brief, familiar words into a single name, written without hyphen, may in some cases promote clarity and sim- pUcity (e.g., tomcod, goldfish, mudminnow), but the wholesale practice of combining words, especially those that are lengthy, awkward, or unfamiliar, is deplored. 5. Common names shall not be capitalized in text use except for those elements that are proper names (e.g., rainbow trout but Sacramento perch). 6. Names intended to honor persons (e.g., Allison's tuna, Julia's darter) are not admis- sible. 7. Only clearly defined and well-marked taxonomic entities (usually species) shall be assigned common names. — Most subspecies are not suitable subjects for common names, but those forms that are so different in appearance (not just in geographic distribu- tion) as to be distinguished readily by sport or commercial fishermen or laymen or for which a common name constitutes a signifi- cant aid in communication may merit sepa- rate names. Subspecies have importance in evolutionary inquiry but are rarely of significance to laymen or in those aspects of biological endeavor in which common names are of concern. The practice of adding geographic modifiers to designate regional NAMES OF FISHES populations makes for a cumbersome termi- nology. 8. The common name shall not be intimately tied to the scientific name. — Thus the vagaries of scientific nomenclature do not entail constant changing of common names. The practice of applying a name to each genus, a modifying name for each species, and still another modifier for each subspecies, while appeaUng in its simplicity, has the defect of inflexibihty. If a fish is transferred from genus to genus, or shifted from species to subspecies or vice versa, the common name should nevertheless remain unaffected. It is not a primary function of common names to indicate relationship. When two or more taxonomic groups (e.g., nominal species) are found to be identical, one name shall be adopted for the combined group. This principle is regarded not only as fundamental to the achievement of sta- bility, but as essential to the development of a true vernacular nomenclature. 9. Names shall not violate the tenets of good taste. The preceding principles are largely in the nature of procedural dicta. Those given below are criteria that are regarded as aids in the selection of suitable names. 10. Colorful, romantic, fanciful, metaphorical, and otherwise distinctive and original names are especially appropriate. — Such terminol- ogy adds to the richness and breadth of the nomenclature and yields a harvest of satis- faction to the user. Examples of such names include: Dolly Varden, madtom, hogchoker, garibaldi, pumpkinseed, flier, angelfish, mid- shipman, and chilipepper. 11. American Indian names are welcome for adoption as common names. — Those in cur- rent use include muskellunge, eulachon, mummichog, chinook, tautog, menhaden, and Cisco. 12. Regardless of origin, truly vernacular names that are widespread and in common use by the public are to be retained wherever possible. — In addition to aboriginal names, many now well-known names of American fishes have been derived from non-Enghsh- speaking fishermen of foreign extraction: barracuda, cero, grouper, pompano (Span- ish); bocaccio (Italian); capelin, inconnu (French). Although too httle genuine origi- nality is evident, many excellent names have been developed by American immigrants. Most of these conform to principles 14 and 15 below. 13. Commonly employed names adopted from traditional English usage (e.g., cod, pike, sole, flounder, bass, perch, chub, minnow) may be given considerable latitude in taxono- mic placement. — Adherence to customary English practice is to be preferred if this does not conflict with the broad general use of another name. Many English names, however, have been applied to similar appearing but often distantly related fishes in America. We find perch in use for repre- sentatives of at least 9 famihes of spiny- rayed fishes. Chub appears in such diverse groups as the Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, and Kyphosidae. The ocean whitefish (Caulola- tilus princeps) is not a salmonid and the blue pike (Stizostedion vitreum glaucum) is remote from the Esocidae, yet each is best known to fishermen throughout its range by the name indicated. For widely-known species the Committee believes it preferable to recognize general use than to engage in a probably futile effort to gain the general adoption of bookish or pedantic substitutes. Thus, estabhshed practice should outweigh consistency with original English usage. 14. Structural attributes, including color and color pattern, are desirable and are in common use in forming womes.— Sailfin, flathead, slippery, giant, mottled, copper, tripletail, and a multitude of others decorate fish names. Efforts should be made to select terms that are descriptively accurate, and to hold repetition of those most frequently employed (e.g., white, black, spotted, banded) to a minimum. 15. Ecological characteristics are useful in making good names. — They too should be properly descriptive. Terms such as sand, rock, lake, riffle, freshwater and mountain are well known in fish names. 16. Geographic distribution provides suitable adjectival modifiers. — Poorly descriptive or misleading geographic characterizations (e.g., Kentucky bass for a wide-ranging species) should be corrected unless they are too deeply entrenched in current usage. In the interest of brevity it is usually possible to delete words such as lake, river, or ocean in the names of species (e.g., Colorado squaw- fish, not Colorado River squawfish). 17. Generic names may be employed outright (e.g., remora) or in modified form (e.g., AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY molly, from Mollienesia) as common names. — Once adopted such names should be main- tained even if the generic name is changed. These vernaculars should be written in Roman and without capitalization. Brevity and euphony are of especial importance for names of this type, which will probably be adopted most often for aquarium fishes or other smaller and little-known kinds that do not already have a well-established vernacu- lar nomenclature. 18. The duplication of common names for fishes and other organisms should be avoided if possible, but names in wide general use need not be rejected on this basis alone. — The name dolphin is commonly applied to certain cetaceans and also to Coryphaena hippurus. Similarly, buffalo is employed for various artiodactyls and for suckers of the genus Ictiobus. On the basis of prevailing use these names are admissible as fish names. 19. Names that appear on official lists of names of fishes prepared by other agencies shall be preferred. Plan of List The list is presented as a natural or phy- letic sequence of families of fishes, with the species of each family alphabetized to ge- neric and specific names. In order to facili- tate use the three classes of recent fishes (Agnatha — jawless fishes, Chondrichthyes — cartilaginous fishes, and Osteichthyes — bony fishes) and the orders are indicated. For the latter, the ordinal names of the Goodrich system (formes endings) are given first, fol- lowed, in parentheses, by equivalent names employed by Regan, Jordan, Romer or others. Both common and technical names of families (idae endings) are given. Within families the sequence is alphabetical to scien- tific name; the occasional disadvantage of separating closely related forms within a family is regarded as more than offset by the greater ease in use. An innovation in this edition is the inclu- sion of authorities for scientific names. These are commonly needed by fishery workers, who may not have ready access to the necessary references. In any event their appearance here in a single cover is a great convenience. Care has been taken to prevent errors in author's names; usage here reflects current interpretation of the International Rules on Zoological Nomenclature. In line with those rules, the author's name(s) fol- lows the specific name directly and without punctuation if the species, when originally described, was assigned to the same genus in which it appears here; if the species was described in another genus, the author's name(s) appears in parentheses. For exam- ple, the brook trout was originally named Salmo fontinalis bj'' Mitchill ; it appears here as Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). In preparation of the list hundreds of de- cisions had to be made that involved inter- pretation of rules of nomenclature, system- atic status and limits of species, genera, and families, occurrence within the prescribed region, and other problems. Four times in six years it has been possible for a majority of the committee members to gather around a table and attack these problems together. The resultant interchange of ideas and in- formation, extended by circulation of dozens of work lists, has made possible striking con- cordance on what started as areas of dis- agreement. There remain, to be sure, many differences of opinion, but there has been a broadened area of understanding and a spirit of good humor and willingness to compromise difficulties. Decisions have been made by majority opinion of the Committee. Thus, no committee member subscribes to all decisions reached. In many places, in- formation available to the Committee ex- ceeded that in the current literature. In general it has been our policy to withhold making such changes here, although we have made some considered exceptions, especially when the new data will appear shortly. Indices The main list. Part I, appears on pages 6 to 50; there follow indices, Part II, to com- mon names (pages 51 to 75) and. Part III, to scientific names (pages 76 to 102). The index to common names gives page refer- ences to approved common names of classes, famihes, and species. A single entry is in- cluded for each species; for example, Salmo gairdneri is entered only under "trout, rain- bow." In addition to approved names, the index includes also other names that are in wide use followed by the equivalent ap- proved name. There are a great many vernacular names of American fishes, and extensive search would be necessary to as- semble even a large fraction of them. This the Committee has not attempted to do, but most of the more widely used names are included. The index to scientific names gives page references to the names here entered for NAMES OF FISHES classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Each species is entered only under its spe- cific name. For example, the bluegill may be located under "macrochirus, Lepomis" but not under Lepomis niacrochirus, al- though an entry for Lepomis directs the reader to the proper page. Scientific names that are not accepted in this list are excluded except for those that appeared in the first edition and have since been placed in synonymy. Acknowledgments Many persons have contributed to the preparation of this report. In addition to the present Committee, these include authors of the first edition, Walter A. Chute, W. A Clemens, John R. Dymond, the late Samuel F. Hildebrand, George S. Myers, and Leon- ard P. Schultz, and others who served during the interim between the two editions, Charles M. Breder, Ralph Hile, Raymond E. John- son, Frank T. Eaiapp, John C. Marr, Ed- ward C. Raney, William E. Ricker, and Royal D. Suttkus. Specialists have been most generous in their assistance, which is much appreciated. Among the many, a few may be mentioned for their especial helpful- ness: Frederick H. Berry, James E. Bohlke, John C. Briggs, Homer Circle, Daniel M. Cohen, John E. Fitch, W. I. Follett, Earl S. Herald, Carl L. Hubbs, Clark Hubbs, William A. Kennedy, A. H. Leim, Gordon F. Luce, Jr., William R. Martin, Robert R. Miller, George A. Moore, C. Lavett Smith, William R. Taylor, Boyd W. Walker, Vladimir Walters, and Norman J. \Yi\i- movsky. In 1951 the American Fisheries Society approved a plan whereby the Committee on Names of Fishes of that Society would serve jointly as a Committee on Common Names of Fishes in the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. The pres- ident of the ASIH formally appointed the Committee. Since that time this arrange- ment has worked smoothly. All personnel on the Committee are members of both societies and the formulation of this list, it is believed, serves common interests. An- nual meetings of the ASIH have provided a convenient opportunity to assemble the joint committee to attack problems in the prepa- ration of this list. The plan is mutually ad- vantageous, and we hope it may continue. We gratefully acknowledge financial as- sistance in the publication of this list pro- vided by the National Science Foundation. (NSF-G 12424). PARTI Accepted Common Name, Occurrence, and Scientific Name COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE^ SCIENTIFIC NAME CLASS AGNATHA— JAWLESS FISHES Order Myxiniformes (Myxinoidea; Hyperotreti) Myxinidae — hagfishes Atlantic hagfish A Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus Black hagfish P . . Polistotrema deani Evermann and Goldsborough Pacific hagfish P Polistotrema stouti (Lockington) Order Petromyzontiformes (Petromyzontia ; Hyperoartii) Petromyzontidae — lampreys Ohio lamprey F Ichthyomyzon hdellium (Jordan) Chestnut lamprey F Ichthyomyzon castaneus Girard Northern brook lamprey F Ichthyomyzon fossor Reighard and Cummins Southern brook lamprey F Ichthyomyzon gagei Hubbs and Trautman Allegheny brook lamprey F Ichthyomyzon greeleyi Hubbs and Trautman Mountain brook lamprey F Ichthyomyzon hubbsi Raney Silver lamprey F .... Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Hubbs and Trautman Least brook lamprey F Lampetra aepyptera (Abbott) River lamprey P-F Lampetra ayresi (Gunther) Arctic lamprey P-F Lampetra japonica (Martens) American brook lamprey F Lampetra lamottei (LeSueur) Western brook lamprey F Lampetra planeri (Bloch) Pacific lamprey P-F Lampetra tridentata (Gairdner) Sea lamprey A-F Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES— CARTILAGINOUS FISHES Order Squaliformes (Selachii) Hexanchidae — cow sharks Sixgill shark A-P Hexanchus griseum (Bonnaterre) Sevengill shark P Notorynchus maculatus Ayres Chlamydoselachidae — frill sharks Frill shark P Chlamydoselachus anguineum Garman Heterodontidae — horn sharks Horn shark P Heterodontus francisci (Girard) Carchariidae — sand sharks Sand shark A Carcharias taurus Rafinesque Lamnidae — mackerel sharks Bigeye thresher A Alopias superciliosus (Lowe) Thresher shark A-P Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre) 1 a = Atlantic; P = Pacific; F = Freshwater NAMES OF FISHES COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME White shark A-P Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus) Basking shark A-P Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus) Bonito shark P I sums glaucus (Miiller and Henle) Make A I sums oxyrinchus Rafinesque Salmon shark P Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett Porbeagle A Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre) Orectolobidae — nurse sharks Nurse shark A Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre) Rhincodontidae — whale sharks Whale shark A-P Rhincodon typus Smith Scyliorhinidae — cat sharks Brown cat shark P Apristurus bmnneus (Gilbert) Swell shark P Cephaloscy Ilium uier (Jordan and Gilbert) Filetail cat shark P Parmatums xaniurus (Gilbert) False cat shark A Pseudotriakis microdon Brito Capello Chain dogfish A Scyliorhinus retifer (Garman) Carcharhinidae — requiem sharks Finetooth shark A Aprionodon isodon (Miiller and Henle) Blacknose shark A Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey) Bignose shark A Carcharhinus altima (Springer) Roundnose shark P Carcharhinus azureus (Gilbert and Starks) Sickle shark A Carcharhinus falciformis (Miiller and Henle) Silky shark A Carcharhinus floridanus Bigelow, Schroeder, and Springer Bay shark P Carcharhinus lamiella (Jordan and Gilbert) Bull shark A Carcharhinus leucas (Miiller and Henle) Blacktip shark A Carcharhinus limbatus (Miiller and Henle) Whitetip shark A Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey) Spinner shark A Carcharhinus maculipinnis (Poey) Sandbar shark A Carcharhinus milberti (Miiller and Henle) Dusky shark A Carcharhinus obscurus (LeSueur) Smalltail shark A Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani) Narrowtooth shark P Carcharhinus remotus (Dumeril) Tiger shark A-P Galeocerdo cuvieri (Peron and LeSueur) Soupfin shark P Galeorhinus zyoptems Jordan and Gilbert Night shark A Hypoprion signatus Poey Gray smoothhound P Mustelus californicus Gill Smooth dogfish A Mustelus canis (Mitchill) Sicklefin smoothhound P Mustelus lunulatus Jordan and Gilbert Florida smoothhound A Mustelus norrisi Springer Lemon shark A Negaprion hrevirostris (Poey) Blue shark A-P Prionace glauca (Linnaeus) Pacific sharpnose shark P Scoliodon longurio (Jordan and Gilbert) Atlantic sharpnose shark A Scoliodon terraenovae (Richardson) Brown smoothhound P Triakis henlei (Gill) Leopard shark P Triakis semifasciata Girard Sphyrnidae — hammerhead sharks Scalloped hammerhead A-P Sphyrna lewini (Griffith) Great haimnerhead A Sphyrna mokarran (Riippell) AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Bonnethead A-P Sphyrna tihuro (Linnaeus) Smooth hammerhead A-P Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus) Squalidae — dogfish sharks Black dogfish A Centroscyllium fabricii (Reinhardt) Kitefin shark A Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre) Bramble shark A-P Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre) Greenland shark A .... Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider) Pacific sleeper shark P Somniosus pacificus Bigelow and Schroeder Spiny dogfish A-P Squalus acanthias Linnaeus Cuban dogfish A Squalus cuhensis Howell Rivero Squatinidae — angel sharks Pacific angel shark P Squatina calif ornica Ayres Atlantic angel shark A Squatina dumerili LeSueur Order Rajiformes (Batoidei) Pristidae — sawfishes Smalltooth sawfish A Pristis pectinatus Latham Largetooth sawfish A Pristis perotteti Miiller and Henle Rhinobatidae — guitarfishes Thornback P .... Platyrhinoidis triseriata (Jordan and Gilbert) Atlantic guitarfish A Rhinohatos lentiginosus (Garman) Shovelnose guitarfish P Rhinohatos productus (Ayres) Banded guitarfish P Zapteryx exasperata (Jordan and Gilbert-) Torpedinidae — electric raj'^s Lesser electric ray A Narcine hrasiliensis (Olf ers) Pacific electric ray P Torpedo calif ornica Ayres Atlantic torpedo A Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte Rajidae — skates Ocellate skate A Raja ackleyi Garman Aleutian skate P Raja aleutica Gilbert Big skate P Raja binoculata Girard Clearnose skate A Raja eglanteria Bosc Little skate A Raja erinacea Mitchill Rosette skate A Raja garmani Whitley California skate P Raja inornata Jordan and Gilbert Bering skate P Raja interrupta Gill and Townsend Black skate P Raja kincaidi Garman Barndoor skate A Raja laevis Mitchill Freckled skate A Raja lentiginosa Bigelow and Schroeder Winter skate A Raja ocellata Mitchill Spreadfin skate A Raja olseni Bigelow and Schroeder Alaska skate P Raja parmifera Bean Thorny skate A Raja radiata Donovan Longnose skate P Raja rhina Jordan and Gilbert Flathead skate P Raja rosispinis Gill and Townsend Smooth skate A Raja senta Garman NAMES OF FISHES COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Spinytail skate A Raja spinicauda Jensen Starry skate P Raja stellulata Jordan and Gilbert Roundel skate A Raja texana Chandler Roughtail skate P Raja trachura Gilbert Dasyatidae — stingrays Southern stingray A .... Dasyatis americana Hildebrand and Schroeder Roughtail stingray A Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill) Diamond stingray P Dasyatis dipterurus (Jordan and Gilbert) Atlantic stingray A Dasyatis sabina (LeSueur) Bluntnose stingray A Dasyatis sayi (LeSueur) Pelagic stingray P Dasyatis violacea (Bonaparte) Spiny butterfly ray A Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus) California butterfly ray P Gymnura marmorata (Cooper) Smooth butterfly ray A Gymnura micrura (Bloch and Schneider) Round stingray P Urolophus halleri Cooper Yellow stingray A Urolophus jamaicensis (Cuvier) Myliobatidae — eagle rays Spotted eagle ray A Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen) Bat stingray P Myliobatis calif ornicus Gill Bullnose ray A Myliobatis freminvillei LeSueur Southern eagle ray A Myliobatis goodei Garman Cownose ray A Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill) Mobulidae — mantas Atlantic manta A Manta birostris (Walbaum) Pacific manta P Manta hamiltoni (Newman) Devil ray A Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft) Spinetail mobula P Mobula japanica (MuUer and Henle) Smooth tail mobula P Mobula lu^asana Beebe and Tee-Van Order Chimaeriformes (Chimaerae) Chimaeridae — chimaeras Ratfish P Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett) CLASS OSTEICHTHYES— BONY FISHES Order Acipenseriformes (Chondrostei) Acipenseridae — sturgeons Shortnose sturgeon A-F Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur Lake sturgeon F Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque Green sturgeon P-F Acipenser medirostris Ayres Atlantic sturgeon A-F Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill White sturgeon P-F Acipenser transmontanus Richardson Pallid sturgeon F Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson) Shovelnose sturgeon F Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque) Polyodontidae — paddlefishes Paddlefish F Polyodon spathula (Walbaum) 10 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY common name occurrence scientific name Order Semionotiformes (Protospondyli and Ginglymodi) Lepisosteidae — gars Spotted gar F Lepisosteus oculatus (Winchell) Longnose gar F Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus) Shortnose gar F Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque Florida gar F Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay Alligator gar F Lepisosteus spatula Lac^pede Order Amiiformes (Halecomorphi) Amiidae — bowfins Bowfm F Amia calva Linnaeus Order Cltjpeiformes (Isospondyli) Elopidae — tarpons Machete P-F Flops affinis Regan Ladyfish A Elops saurus Linnaeus Tarpon A Megalops atlantica Valenciennes Albulidae — bonefishes Bonefish A-P Alhula vulpes (Linnaeus) Clupeidae — herrings Blueback herring A-F Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill) Alabama shad A-F Alosa alabamae Jordan and Evermann Skipjack herring A-F Alosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque) Hickory shad A Alosa mediocris (Mitchill) Ohio shad F Alosa ohiensis Evermann Alewife A-F Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson) American shad A-F-P Alosa sapidissima (Wilson) Fmescale menhaden A Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand Largescale menhaden A Brevoortia patronus Goode Yellowfin shad A Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand Atlantic menhaden A Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) Atlantic herring A Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus Pacific herring P Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes Gizzard shad A-F Dorosoma cepedianum (LeSueur) Threadfin shad A-F Dorosoma petenense (Giinther) California round herring P Etrumeus acuminatus Gilbert Atlantic round herring A Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill) False pilchard A Harengula clupeola Valenciennes Redear sardine A Harengula humeralis Cuvier Scaled sardine A Harengula pensacolae Goode and Bean Flatiron herring P Harengula thrissina (Jordan and Gilbert) Dwarf herring A Jenkinsia lamprotaenia (Gosse) Pacific thread herring P Opisthonema libertate (Giinther) Atlantic thread herring A Opisthonema oglinum (LeSueur) Spanish sardine A Sardinella anchovia Valenciennes Pacific sardine P Sardinops sagax (Jenyns) NAMES OF FISHES 11 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Engraulidae — anchovies Key anchovy A Anchoa cayorum (Fowler) Deepbody anchovy P Anchoa compressa (Girard) Cuban anchovy A Anchoa cuhana (Poey) Slough anchovy P Anchoa delicalissima (Girard) New Jersey anchovy A Anchoa duodecim (Cope) Striped anchovy A Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus) Longnose anchovy A Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand Dusky anchovy A Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann and Marsh) Bay anchovy A Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes) Silver anchovy A Anchoviella eurystole (Swain and Meek) Slim anchovy P Anchoviella miarcha (Jordan and Gilbert) Flat anchovy A Anchoviella perfasciata (Poey) Anchoveta P Cetengratdis mysticetus (Giinther) Northern anchovy P Engraulis mordax Girard Salmonidae — trouts, whitefishes, and graylings Longjaw cisco F Coregonus^ alpenae (Koelz) Cisco or lake herring F Coregonus artedii LeSueur Arctic cisco F Coregonus autumnalis (Pallas) Lake whitefish A-F Coregonns clupeaformis (Mitchill) Bloater F Coregonus hoyi (Gill) Deepw^ater cisco F Coregonus johannae (Wagner) Kiyi F Coregonus kiyi (Koelz) Broad whitefish F Coregonus nasus (Pallas) Blackfin cisco F Coregonus nigripinnis (Gill) Nipigon cisco F Coregonus nipigon (Koelz) Humpback whitefish F Coregonus pidschian (Gmelin) Shortnose cisco F Coregonus reighardi (Koelz) Least cisco F Coregonus sardinella Valenciennes Shortjaw cisco F Coregonus zenithicus (Jordan and Evermann) Pink salmon A-F-P Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) Chum salmon P-F Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) Coho salmon A-F-P Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) Sockeye salmon^ P-F Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Chinook salmon P-F Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) Bear Lake whitefish F Prosopium ahyssicola (Snyder) Pygmy whitefish F . .Prosopium coulteri (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) Round whitefish F Prosopium cylindraceum (Pallas) Bonneville cisco F Prosopium gemmiferum (Snyder) Bonneville whitefish F Prosopium spilonotus (Snyder) Mountain whitefish F Prosopium williamsoni (Girard) Golden trout F Sahno aguahoniia Jordan Cutthroat trout P-F Salmo clarki Richardson Rainbow trout^ A-F-P Salmo gairdneri Richardson Gila trout F Salmo gilae Miller Atlantic salmon^ A-F Salmo salar Linnaeus ■ The genus Coregonus is here employed to include species referred by some authors to Leucichthys. ' Lacustrine sockeye salmon stocks are known as kokanee. ' Rainbow trout are commonly called steelhead trout when they enter or return from the sea and large inland lakes. * Lake populations of Atlantic salmon are variously known as ouananiche, lake Atlantic salmon, landlocked salmon, and Sebago salmon. 12 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Brown trout A-F Salmo trutta Linnaeus Arctic char^ A-F-P Salvelinus alyinus (Linnaeus) Brook trout A-F Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) Dolly Varden P-F Salvelinus malma (Walbaum) Lake trout F Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum) Inconnu F Stenodus leucichthys (Giildenstadt) Arctic grayling F Thymallus arcticus (Pallas) Osmeridae — smelts Whitebait smelt P Allosmerus elongatus (Ayres) Pond smelt P-F Hypomesus olidus (Pallas) Surf smelt P-F Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard) Capelin A-P Mallotus villosus (Miiller) Arctic smelt P-F Osmerus dentex Steindachner American smelt A-F Osmerus mordax (Mitchill) Longfin smelt P-F Spirinchus dilatus Schultz and Chapman Night smelt P Spirinchus starksi (Fisk) Sacramento smelt P-F Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres) Eulachon P-F Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson) Argentinidae — argentines Pacific argentme P •■ Argentina sialis Gilbert Atlantic argentine A Argentina silus Ascanius Bathylagidae^ — deepsea smelts California smoothtongue P Leuroglossus stilhius Gilbert Opisthoproctidae' — barreleyes Barreleye P Macropinna microstoma Chapman Hiodontidae — mooneyes Goldeye F Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque) Mooneye F Hiodon tergisus LeSueur Umbridae — mudminnows Alaska blackfish F Dallia pectoralis Bean Olympic mudminnow F Novumbra huhhsi Schultz Central mudminnow F Umbra limi (Kirtland) Eastern mudminnow F Umbra pygmaea (DeKay) Esocidae — pikes Redfin pickerel F Esox americanus americanus Gmelin Grass pickerel F Esox americanus vermiculatus LeSueur Chain pickerel F Esox niger LeSueur Northern pike F Esox lucius Linnaeus Muskellunge* F Esox masquinongy Mitchill ' Sunapee trout, blueback trout, and Quebec red trout are regarded by some authors as species distinct from the Arctic char. 2 Most deepsea smelts are bathyf>elaKic; few enter water less than 100 fathoms deep. • Bathypelagic fishes of which one siMScies has been recorded as a straggler in our area. * Spelled maakinonge in Ontario and Quebec. NAMES OF FISHES 13 common name occurrence scientific name Order Myctophiformes (Iniomi) Synodontidae — lizardfishes Largescale lizardfish A Saurida hrasiliensis Norman Smallscale lizardfish A Saurida caribbaea Breder Shortjaw lizardfish A Saurida normani Longley Inshore lizardfish A Synodus foetens (Linnaeus) Sand diver A Synodus intermedius (Agassiz) California lizardfish P Synodus lucioceps (Ayres) Offshore lizardfish A Synodus poeyi Jordan Red Hzardfish A Synodus synodus (Linnaeus) Snakefish A Trachinocephalus myops (Forster) Scopelarchidae — pearleyes Northern pearleye P Neoscopelarchoides dentatus Chapman Myctophidae — lanternfishes The many species of lanternfishes are chiefly bathypelagic, but occasional stragglers are found over the continental shelf. Alepisauridae — lancetfishes Longnose lancetfish A Alepisaurus ferox Lowe Pacific lancetfish P Alepisaurus richardsoni Bleeker Order Cypriniformes (Ostariophysi) Characidae — characins and tetras Mexican tetra F Astyanax mexicanus (Filippi) Cyprinidae — minnows and carps Chiselmouth F Acrocheilus alutaceus Agassiz and Pickering Longfin dace F Agosia chrysogaster Girard Stoneroller F Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque) Mexican stoneroller F Campostoma omatum Girard Goldfish F Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) Northern redbelly dace F Chrosomus eos Cope Southern redbelly dace F Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque) Finescale dace F Chrosomus neogaeus (Cope) Mountain redbelly dace F Chrosomus oreas Cope Redside dace F Clinostomus elongatus (Kirtland) Rosyside dace F Clinostomus funduloides Girard Carp F Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus Devils River minnow F Dionda diaboli Hubbs and Brown Roundnose minnow F Dionda episcopa Girard Ozark minnow F Dionda nubila (Forbes) Desert dace F Eremichthys acros Hubbs and Miller Silverjaw minnow F Ericymba buccata Cope Cutlips minnow F Exoglossum maxillingua (LeSueur) Utah chub F Gila atraria (Girard) Blue chub F Gila bicolor (Girard) Thicktail chub F Gila crassicavda (Baird and Girard) Hum^pback chub F Gila cypha Miller 14 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Sonera chub F Gila ditaenia Miller Rio Grande chub F Gila nigrescens (Girard) Arroyo chub F Gila orcutti (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) Yaqui chub F Gila purpurea (Girard) Bonytail F Gila robusta Baird and Girard Flame chub F Hemitremia flammea (Jordan and Gilbert) California roach F .... Hesperoleucus symmetricus (Baird and Girard) Brassy minnow F Hybognathus hankinsoni Hubbs Cypress minnow F Hybognathus hayi Jordan Silvery minnow F Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz Speckled chub F Hybopsis^ aestivalis (Girard) Bigeye chub F Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque) Alabama chub F Hijbopsis bellica (Girard) Hornyhead chub F Hybopsis biguttata (Kirtland) Slender chub F Hybopsis cahni Hubbs and Crowe Oregon chub F Hybopsis crameri Snyder Streamline chub F Hybopsis dissimilis (Kirtland) Sturgeon chub F Hybopsis gelida (Girard) Flathead chub F Hybopsis gracilis (Richardson) Redeye chub F Hybopsis harperi (Fowler) Highback chub F Hybopsis hypsinotus (Cope) Blotched chub F Hybopsis insignis Hubbs and Crowe Thicklip chub F Hybopsis labrosa (Cope) Bluehead chub F Hybopsis leptocephala (Girard) Sicklefin chub F Hybopsis meeki Jordan and Evermann River chub F Hybopsis micropogon (Cope) Spotfin chub F Hijbopsis mo7iacha (Cope) Lake chub F Hybopsis plumbea (Agassiz) Rosyf ace chub F Hybopsis rubrifrons (Jordan) Silver chub F Hybopsis storeriana (Kirtland) Gravel chub F Hybopsis x-punctata Hubbs and Crowe Least chub F lotichthys phlegethontis (Cope) Hitch F Lavinia exilicauda Baird and Girard Little Colorado spinedace F Lepidomeda vittata Cope Spikedace F Meda fulgida Girard Moapa dace F Moapa coriacea Hubbs and Miller Peamouth F Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson) Hardhead F ... Mylopharodon conocephalus (Baird and Girard) Golden shiner F Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill) White shiner F Notropis albeolus Jordan Whitemouth shiner F Notropis alborus Hubbs and Raney Highfin shiner F Notropis altipinnis (Cope) Texas shiner F Notropis amabilis (Girard) Pallid shiner F Notropis amnis Hubbs and Greene Comely shiner F Notropis amoenus (Abbott) Satinfiii shiner F Notropis analostanus (Girard) Pugnose shiner F Notropis anogenus Forbes Rosefin shiner ... F Notropis ardens (Cope) Popeye shiner F Notropis ariommus (Cope) Burrhead shiner F Notropis asperifrons Suttkus and Raney Emerald shiner F Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque ' The genus Hybopsis is here employed to include species referred by some authors to Couesius, Erimystax, Extrarius, Macrhybopsia, Nocomis, Oregonichthys, and Platygobio. NAMES OF FISHES 15 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Blackspot shiner F Rough shiner F Red River shiner F Pretty shiner F Bridle shiner F River shiner F Bigeye shiner F TamauHpas shiner F Brazos shiner F Smalleye shiner F Ghost shiner F Blue shiner F Ocmulgee shiner F Alabama shiner F Bluestripe shiner F Bluntface shiner F Crescent shiner F Ironcolor shiner F Chihuahua shiner F Redlip shiner F Greenfin shiner F Greenhead shiner F Rainbow shiner F Warpaint shiner F Common shiner F Dusky shiner F Bigmouth shiner F Broadstripe shiner F Ribbon shiner F Whitetail shiner F Arkansas River shiner F Wedgespot shiner F Blackchin shiner F Blacknose shiner F Spottail shiner F Sailfin shiner F Highscale shiner F Silverband shiner F Rio Grande shiner F Ohoopee shiner F Plateau shiner F Tennessee shiner F Mountain shiner F Longnose shiner F Yellowfin shiner F Red shiner F Taillight shiner F Pinewoods shiner F Whitefin shiner F Kiamichi shiner F Sharpnose shiner F Ozark shiner F Plains shiner F Colorless shiner F Notropis atrocaudalis Evermann Notropis haileyi Suttkus and Raney Notropis bairdi Hubbs and Ortenburger Notropis bellus (Hay) Notropis bifrenatus (Cope) Notropis blennius (Girard) Notropis boops Gilbert Notropis braytoni Jordan and Evermann Notropis brazosensis Hubbs and Bonham Notropis biiccula Cross Notropis buchanani Meek Notropis caeruleus (Jordan) Notropis callisema (Jordan) Notropis callistius (Jordan) Notropis callitaenia Bailey and Gibbs Notropis camurus (Jordan and Meek) Notropis cerasinus (Cope) Notropis chalybaeus (Cope) Notropis chihuahua Woolman Notropis chiliticus (Cope) Notropis chloristius (Jordan and Bray ton) Notropis chlorocephalus (Cope) Notropis chrosomus (Jordan) Notropis coccogenis (Cope) Notropis cornutus (Mitchill) Notropis cummingsae Myers Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz) Notropis euryzonus Suttkus Notropis fumeus Evermann Notropis galacturus (Cope) Notropis girardi Hubbs and Ortenburger Notropis greenei Hubbs and Ortenburger Notropis heterodon (Cope) Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann and Eigenmann Notropis hudsonius (Clinton) Notropis hypselopterus (Giinther) Notropis hypsilepis Suttkus and Raney Notropis illecebrosus (Girard) Notropis jemezanus (Cope) Notropis leedsi Fowler Notropis lepidus (Girard) Notropis leuciodus (Cope) Notropis lirus (Jordan) Notropis longirostris (Hay) Notropis lutipinnis (Jordan and Brayton) Notropis lutrensis (Baird and Girard) Notropis maculatus (Hay) Notropis matutinus (Cope) Notropis niveus (Cope) Notropis ortenburgeri Hubbs Notropis oxyrhynchus Hubbs and Bonham Notropis ozarcanus Meek Notropis percobromus (Cope) Notropis perpallidus Hubbs and Black 16 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Coastal shiner Silver shiner Chub shiner Swallowtail shiner .... Proserpine shiner Fieryblack shiner .... Cherryfin shiner Rosyface shiner Saffron shiner Sabine shiner New River shiner .... Sandbar shiner Flagfin shiner Bluntnose shiner Mirror shiner Spotfin shiner Silverstripe shiner .... Sand shiner Weed shiner Topeka shiner Tricolor shiner Redfin shiner Stargazing shiner Blacktail shiner Mimic shiner Bluenose shiner Steelcolor shiner Coosa shiner Altamaha shiner Bleeding shiner Bandfin shiner Pugnose minnow Sacramento blackfish. Tonguetied minnow . . Riffle minnow Suckermouth minnow. Kanawha minnow .... Stargazing minnow . . . Bluntnose minnow . . . Fathead minnow Slim minnow Bullhead minnow .... Woundfin Splittail Sacramento squawfish Colorado squawfish . . . Northern squawfish . . Umpqua squawfish. . . Blacknose dace Longnose dace Umpqua dace Leopard dace Speckled dace Bitterling F Notropis peter soni Fowler F Notropis photogenis (Cope) F Notropis potteri Hubbs and Bonham F Notropis procne (Cope) F Notropis proserpinus (Girard) F Notropis pyrrhomelas (Cope) F Notropis roseipinnis (Hay) F Notropis rubellus (Agassiz) F Notropis rubricroceus (Cope) F Notropis sabinae Jordan and Gilbert F Notropis scahriceps (Cope) F Notropis scepticus (Jordan and Gilbert) F Notropis signipinnis Bailey and Suttkus F Notropis simus (Cope) F Notropis spectrunculus (Cope) F Notropis spilopterus (Cope) F Notropis stilbius (Jordan) F Notropis stramineus (Cope) F Notropis texanus (Girard) F Notropis topeka Gilbert F Notropis trichroistius (Jordan and Gilbert) F Notropis umbratilis (Girard) F Notropis uranoscopus Suttkus F Notropis venustus (Girard) F Notropis volucellus (Cope) F Notropis welaka Evermann and Kendall F Notropis whipplei (Girard) F Notropis xaenocephalus (Jordan) F Notropis xaenurus (Jordan) F Notropis zonatus (Agassiz) F Notropis zonistius (Jordan) F Opsopoeodus emiliae Hay F Orthodon microlepidotus (Ayres) F Parexoglossum laurae Hubbs F Phenacobius catostomus Jordan F Phenacobius mirabilis (Girard) F Phenacobius teretulus Cope F Phenacobius uranops Cope F Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque) F Pimephales promelas Rafinesque F Pimephales tenellus (Girard) F Pimephales vigilax (Baird and Girard) F Plagopterus argentissimus Cope F Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres) F Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres) F Ptychocheilus lucius Girard F Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Richardson) F Ptychocheilus umpquae Snyder F Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann) F Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes) F Rhinichthys evermanni Snyder F . Rhinichthys falcatus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) F Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) F Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas) NAMES OF FISHES 17 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Redside shiner Lahontan redside Rudd Creek chub Fallfish Pearl dace Tui chub Mohave chub Leatherside chub Loach minnow Tench River carpsucker Quillback Plains carpsucker Highfin carpsucker Utah sucker Longnose sucker Bridgelip sucker White sucker Webug sucker Sonora sucker . Flannelmouth sucker Lost River sucker Largescale sucker Modoc sucker Sacramento sucker Klamath smallscale sucker Klamath largescale sucker. Tahoe sucker Warner sucker Shortnose sucker Cui-ui' June sucker Blue sucker Creek chubsucker Lake chubsucker Sharpfin chubsucker Alabama hog sucker Northern hog sucker Roanoke hog sucker Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Black buffalo Harelip sucker Spotted sucker Silver redhorse Bigeye jumprock Blackfin sucker F Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson) F Richardsonius egregius (Girard) F Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus) F Semotilus atromaculaius (Mitchill) F Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill) F Semotilus marganta (Cope) F Siphateles bicolor (Girard) F Siphateles mohavensis Snyder F Snyderichthys copei (Jordan and Gilbert) F Tiaroga cobitis Girard F Tinea tinea (Linnaeus) Catostomidae — suckers F Carpiodes carpio (Rafinesque) F Carpiodes cyprinus (LeSueur) F Carpiodes forbesi Hubbs F Carpiodes velifer (Rafinesque) F Catostomus ardens Jordan and Gilbert F Catostomus catostomus (Forster) F Catostomus columbianus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) F Catostomus commersoni (LacepMe) F Catostomus fecundus Cope and Yarrow F Catostomus insignis Baird and Girard F Catostomus latipinnis Baird and Girard F Catostomus luxatus (Cope) F Catostomus macrocheilus Girard F Catostomus microps Rutter F Catostomus occidentalis Ayres F Catostomus rimiculus Gilbert and Snyder F Catostomus snyderi Gilbert F Catostomus tahoensis Gill and Jordan F Catostomus warnerensis Snyder F Chasmistes brevirostris Cope F Chasmistes cujus Cope F Chasmistes liorus Jordan F Cycleptus elongatus (LeSueur) F Erimyzon oblongus (Mitchill) F Erimyzon sucetta (Lacepede) F Erimyzon tenuis (Agassiz) F Hypentelium etowanum (Jordan) F Hypentelium nigricans (LeSueur) F Hypentelium roanokense Raney and Lachner F Ictiobus bubalus (Rafinesque) F Ictiobus cyprinellus (Valenciennes) F Ictiobus niger (Rafinesque) F Lagochila lacera Jordan and Brayton F Minytrema melanops (Rafinesque) F Moxostoma anisurum (Rafinesque) F Moxostoma ariommum Robins and Raney F Moxostoma atripinne Bailey ' Pronounced kwe^-wee. 18 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Shorthead redhorse ... River redhorse Black jumprock V-lip redhorse Gray redhorse CaroUna redhorse .... Black redhorse Golden redhorse Rustyside sucker Copper redhorse Greater jumprock Neuse redhorse Northern redhorse Suckermouth redhorse . Blacktail redhorse . . . . , Torrent sucker Smallfin redhorse Striped jumprock Greater redhorse Gila sucker Bluehead sucker White River sucker Mountain sucker Rio Grande sucker . . . . Lahontan sucker Santa Ana sucker Green sucker Humpback sucker F Moxostoma breviceps (Cope) F Moxostoma carinatum (Cope) F Moxostoma cervinum (Cope) F Moxostoma collapsum (Cope) F Moxostoma congestum (Baird and Girard) F Moxostoma coregonus (Cope) F Moxostoma duquesnei (LeSueur) F Moxostoma erythrurum (Rafinesque) F Moxostoma hamiltoni (Raney and Lachner) F Moxostoma huhhsi Legendre F Moxostoma lachneri Robins and Raney F Moxostoma lachrymale (Cope) F Moxostoma macrolepidotum (LeSueur) F Moxostoma pappillosum (Cope) F Moxostoma poecilurum (Jordan) F Moxostoma rhothoecum (Thoburn) F Moxostoma robustum (Cope) F Moxostoma rupiscartes Jordan and Jenkins F Moxostoma valenciennesi Jordan F Pantosteus clarki (Baird and Girard) F Pantosteus delphinus (Cope) F Pantosteus intermedius (Tanner) F Pantosteus platyrhynchus (Cope) F Pantosteus plebeius (Baird and Girard) F Pantosteus lahontan Rutter F Pantosteus santaanae Snyder F Pantosteus virescens Cope F Xyrau^hen texanus (Abbott) Cobitidae — loaches Oriental weatherfish F . Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor) Gafftopsail catfish. Sea catfish Ariidae — sea catfishes A Bagre marinus (Mitchill) A Galeichthys felis (Linnaeus) White catfish Blue catfish Headwater catfish . Black bullhead Yellow bullhead . . . Brown bullhead ... Flat bullhead Yaqui catfish Channel catfish . . . Mountain madtom Slender madtom . . Stonecat Black madtom .... Carolina madtom . . Orangefin madtom . Tadpole madtom . . Ictaluridae — freshwater catfishes F Idalurus catus (Linnaeus) F Ictalurus furcatus (LeSueur) F Ictalurus lupus (Girard) F Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque) F Ictalurus natalis (LeSueur) F Ictalurus nebulosus (LeSueur) F Ictalurus platycephalus (Girard) F Ictalurus pricei (Rutter) F Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) F Noturus eleutherus Jordan F Noturus exilis Nelson F Noturus flavus Rafinesque F Noturus funebris Gilbert and Swain F Noturus furiosus Jordan and Meek F Noturus gilberti Jordan and Evermann F Noturus gyrinus (Mitchill) NAMES OF FISHES 19 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Least madtom F Noturus hildehrandi (Bailey and Taylor) Margined madtom F Noturus insignis (Richardson) Speckled madtom F Noturus leptacanthus Jordan Brindled madtom F Noturus miurus Jordan Freckled madtom F Noturus nocturnus Jordan and Gilbert Flathead catfish F Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque) Widemouth blindcat F Satan eurystomus Hubbs and Bailey Toothless blindcat F Trogloglanis pattersoni Eigenmann Order Anguilliformes (Apodes) Anguillidae — freshwater eels American eel A-F Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur) Muraenidae— morays Pygmy moray A Anarchias yoshiae Kanazawa Chain moray A Echidna catenata (Bloch) Viper moray A Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre) Green moray A Gymnothnrax funebris Ranzani California moray P Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres) Spotted moray A Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier) Blackedge moray A Gymnothorax nigronmrginatus (Girard) Purplemoiith moray A Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau) Golden tail mora}/- A Muraena milians (Kaup) Reticulate moray A Muraena retifera Goode and Bean Nemichthyidae — snipe eels Fishes of this family inhabit the deep seas and thus are not members of the fauna covered in this list. Congridae — conger eels Bandtooth conger A Ariosoma impressa (Poey) Margintail conger A Conger caudilimhatus (Poey) Conger eel A Conger oceanicus (Mitchill) Manytooth conger A Conger triporiceps Kanazawa Yellow conger A Congrina flava (Goode and Bean) Whiptail conger A Congrina gracilior Ginsburg Silver conger A Hoplunnis macrurus Ginsburg Slender pike eel A Neoconger mucronatus Girard Catalina conger P Rhynchocymha catalinensis Wade Ophichthidae — snake eels Key worm eel A A hlia egmontis (Jordan) Whip eel A Bascanichthys scuticaris (Goode and Bean) Sooty eel A Bascanichthys teres (Goode and Bean) Surf eel A Caecula conklini (Eigenmann) Blotched snake eel A Callechelys muraena Jordan and Evermann Shorttail snake eel A Callechelys perryae Storey Ridgefin eel A Cryptopterygium holochroma Ginsburg Horsehair eel A Gordiichthys irretitus Jordan and Davis Thread eel A Gordiichthys springeri Ginsburg California worm eel P Hesperomyrus fryi Myers and Storey Sailfin eel A Letharchus velifer Goode and Bean Sharptail eel A Myrichthys acuminatus (Gronow) 20 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Goldspotted eel A Myrichthys oculatus (Kaup) Tiger snake eel P Myrichthys tigrinus Girard Speckled worm eel A Myrophis punctatus Liitken Spotted spoon-nose eel A Mystriophis intertinctus (Richardson) Snapper eel A Mystriophis mordax (Poey) Stippled spoon-nose eel A Mystriophis punctifer (Kaup) Shrimp eel A Ophichthus gomesi (Castelnau) Palespotted eel A Ophichthus ocellatus (LeSueur) Spotted snake eel A Ophichthus ophis (Linnaeus) Pacific snake eel P Ophichthus triserialis (Kaup) Yellow snake eel P Ophichthus zophochir (Jordan and Gilbert) Finless eel A Verma kendalli (Gilbert) Dysommidae — mustard eels Mustard eel A Dysomma aphododera Ginsburg Order Notacanthiformes (Heteromi) Notacanthidae — spiny eels Spiny eel A Notacanthus nasus Bloch Order Beloniformes (Synentognathi) Scomberesocidae — sauries Pacific saury P Cololabis saira (Brevoort) Atlantic saury A Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum) Belonidae — needlefishes Flat needlefish A Ahlennes Mans (Valenciennes) Agujon A Strongylura acus (Lacep^de) Cahfornia needlefish P Strongylura exilis (Girard) Atlantic needlefish A Strongylura marina (Walbaum) Redfin needlefish A Strongylura notata (Poey) Houndfish A Strongylura raphidoma (Ranzani) Timucu A Strongylura timucu (Walbaum) Hemiramphidae — halfbeaks Hardhead half beak A Chriodorus atherinoides Goode and Bean Flying half beak A Euleptorhamphus velox Poey Ribbon half beak P Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt) Balao A Hemiramphus halao LeSueur Ballyhoo A Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus) Longfin half beak P Hemiramphus saltator Gilbert and Starks California half beak P Hyporhamphus rosae (Jordan and Gilbert) Half beak A-P Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani) Exocoetidae — flyingfishes California flyingfish P Cypselurus calif ornicus (Cooper) Clearwing flyingfish A Cypselurus comatus (Mitchill) Margined flyingfish A Cypselurus cyanopterus (Valenciennes) Bandwing flyingfish A Cypselurus exsiliens (Linnaeus) Spotfin flyingfish A Cypselurus furcatus (Mitchill) Atlantic flyingfish A Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque) NAMES OF FISHES 21 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Oceanic two-wing flyingfish A Exocoetus ohtusirostris Giinther Tropical two-wing flyingfish A Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus Sharpchin flyingfish P Fodiator acutus (Valenciennes) Fourwing flyingfish A Hirundichthys affinis (Giinther) Smallwing flyingfish A Oxyporhamphus micropterus (Valenciennes) Sailfin flyingfish A Par exocoetus brachypterus (Richardson) Bluntnose flyingfish A Prognichthys gibbifrons (Valenciennes) Blackwing flyingfish P Prognichthys rondeleti (Valenciennes) Order Cyprinodontiformes (Microcyprini) Cyprinodontidae — kiUifishes Diamond killifish A Adinia xenica (Jordan and Gilbert) White River killifish F Crenichthys baileyi (Gilbert) Railroad Valley killifish F Crenichthys nevadae Hubbs Leon Springs pupfish F Cyprinodon bovinus Baird and Girard Devils Hole pupfish F Cyprinodon diabolis Wales Comanche Springs pupfish F Cyprinodon elegans Baird and Girard Lake Eustis minnow F Cyprinodon hubbsi Carr Desert pupfish F Cyprinodon macularius Baird and Girard Nevada pupfish F Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann and Eigenmann Owens River pupfish F Cyprinodon radiosiis Miller Red River pupfish F Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis I^'owler Salt Creek pupfish F Cyprinodon salinus Miller Sheepshead minnow A-F Cyprinodon variegaius LacepMe Pahrump killifish F Empetrichthys latos Miller Ash Meadow^s killifish F Empetrichthys merriami Gilbert Goldspotted killifish A Floridichthys carpio (Giinther) Whiteline topminnow F Fundulus albolineatus Gilbert Northern studfish F Fundulus catenatus (Storer) Golden topminnow F Fundidus chrysotus (Giinther) Banded topminnow F Fundulus cingulatus Valenciennes Marsh killifish A-F Fundulus confluentus Goode and Bean Banded killifish F Fundulus diaphanus (LeSueur) Gulf killifish A Fundulus grandis Baird and Girard Mummichog A-F Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) Saltmarsh topminnow A-F Fundulus jenkinsi (Evermann) Plains killifish F Fundidus kansae Garman Spotfin killifish A Fundulus liwiae (Baird) Striped killifish A Fundulus majalis (Walbaum) Blackstripe topminnow F Fundulus notatus (Rafiiiesque) Starhead topminnow F Fundulus notti (Agassiz) Blackspotted topminnow F Fundulus olivaceus (Storer) California killifish P-F Fundulus parvipinnis Girard Bayou killifish A-F Fundulus pulvereus (Evermann) Speckled killifish F Fundulus rathbuni Jordan and Meek Plains topminnow F Fundulus sciadicus Cope Seminole killifish F Fundulus seminolis Girard Longnose killifish A Fundulus similis (Baird and Girard) Southern studfish F Fundulus stellifer (Jordan) Waccamaw killifish F Fundulus waccamensis Hubbs and Raney Rio Grande killifish F Fundulus zebrinus Jordan and Gilbert Flagfish F Jordanella floridae Goode and Bean 22 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Pygmy killifish F Leptolucania ommaia (Jordan) Bluefin killifish F Lucania goodei Jordan Rainwater killifish A-F Lucania parva (Baird and Girard) Rivulus F Rivulus marmoratus Foey Poeciliidae — livebearers Mosquitofish A-F Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) Big Bend gambusia F Gambusia gaigei Hubbs Largespring gambusia F Gambusia geiseri Hubbs and Hubbs Clear Creek gambusia F Gambusia heterochir Hubbs Pecos gambusia F Gambusia nobilis (Baird and Girard) Blotched gambusia F Gambusia senilis Girard Least killifish F Heterandria formosa Agassiz Amazon molly F Mollienesia formosa (Girard) Sailfin molly A-F Mollienesia latipinna LeSueur Gila topminnow F Poeciliopsis occidentalis (Baird and Girard) Amblyopsidae — cavefishes Ozark cavefish F Amblyopsis rosae (Eigenmann) Northern cavefish F Amblyopsis spelaea DeKay Spring cavefish F Chologaster agassizi Putnam Swampfish F Chologaster cornuta Agassiz Southern cavefish F Typhlichthys subterraneus Girard Order Gadiformes (Anacanthini) Gadidae — codfishes and hakes Polar cod A Arctogadus glacialis (Peters) Arctic cod A-P Boreogadus saida (Lepechin) Cusk A Brosme brosme (Miiller) Saffron cod P Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius) Fourbeard rockUng A Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus) Pacific cod P Godus macrocephalus Tilesius Atlantic cod A Gadus morhua Linnaeus Greenland cod A Gadus ogac Richardson Burbot F Lota lota (Linnaeus) Haddock A Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus) Silver hake A Merlu£cius bilinearis (Mitchill) Pacific hake P Merlu^cius productus (Ayres) Pacific tomcod P Microgadus proximus (Girard) Atlantic tomcod A Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum) Longfin hake A Phycis chesteri Goode and Bean Pollock A Pollachius virens (Linnaeus) Walleye pollock P Theragra chalcogrammus (Pallas) Squirrel hake A Urophycis chuss (Walbaum) Gulf hake A Urophycis cirratus (Goode and Bean) Carolina hake A Urophycis earlli Bean Southern hake A Urophycis floridanus (Bean and Dresel) Spotted hake A Urophycis regius (Walbaum) White hake A Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill) Macrouridae — grenadiers^ Marlin-spike A Nezumia bairdi (Goode and Bean) > Most grenadiers, or rat-taila, live in deep water, but one species is found in Atlantic shore waters. NAMES OF FISHES 23 common name occurrence scientific name Order Gasterosteiformes (Thoracostei + Hemibil\nchii + Lophobranchii + solenichthyes) Gasterosteidae — sticklebacks Fourspine stickleback A-F Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill) Brook stickleback F Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland) Threespine stickleback A-F-P Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus Twospine stickleback A Gasterosteus wheatlandi Putnam Ninespine stickleback A-F Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus) Aulorhyn chidae — tube-snou ts Tube-snout P Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill Aulostomidae — trumpetfishes Trumpetfish A Aulostomus maculatus Valenciennes Fistulariidae — cornetfishes Cornetfish A Fistularia tabacaria Linnaeus Centriscidae — snipefishes Slender snipefish A-P Macrorhamphosus gracilis (Lowe) Longspine snipefish A Macrorhamphosus scolopax (Linnaeus) Syngnathidae — pipefishes and seahorses Whitenose pipefish A Corythoichthys albirostris Hecke^ Crested pipefish A Corythoichthys brachycephalus (Poey) Swivelhead pipefish P Dermatostethus punctipinnis Gill Spotted seahorse A Hippocampus erectus Perry Pacific seahorse P Hippocampus ingens Girard Offshore seahorse A Hippocampus obtusus Ginsburg Dwarf seahorse A Hippocampus zosterae Jordan and Gilbert Fringed pipefish A Micrognathus crinigerus (Bean and Dresel) Insular pipefish A Micrognathus crinitus (Jenyns) Banded pipefish A Micrognathus vittatus (Kaup) Opossum pipefish A Oostethus lineatus (Kaup) Snubnose pipefish P Syngnathus arctus (Jenkins and Evermann) Barred pipefish P Syngnathus auliscus (Swain) Kelp pipefish P Syngnathus californiensis Storer Pugnose pipefish A Syngnathus dunckeri Metzelaar Shortfin pipefish A Syngnathus elucens Poey Dusky pipefish A Syngnathus floridae (Jordan and Gilbert) Northern pipefish A Syngnathus fuscus Storer Bay pipefish P Syngnathus griseolineatus Ayres Chain pipefish A Syngnathus louisianae Giinther Sargassum pipefish A Syngnathus pelagicus Linnaeus Gulf pipefish A Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann and Kendall) Bull pipefish A Syngnathus springeri Herald Order Lampridiformes (Allotriognathi) Lamprididae — opahs Opah A-P Lampris regius (Bonnaterre) 24 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Stylephoridae — tube-eyes Tube-eye A Stylephorus chordatus Shaw Lophotidae — crestfishes Crestfish A-P Lophotus capellei (Schlegel) Regalecidae — Garfishes Garfish A-P Regalecus glesne (Ascanius) Trachipteridae — ribbonfishes Dealfish A Trachipterus arcticus (Briinnich) Scalloped ribbonfish A-P Trachipterus cristatus Bonelli Polka-dot ribbonfish A-P Trachipterus polystictus Ogilby King-of-the-salmon P Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin) Order Beryciformes (Berycoidei) Polymyxiidae — beardfishes Beardfish A Polymixia lowei Giinther Holocentridae — squirrelfishes and soldierfishes Squirrelfish A Holocentrus ascensionis (Osbeck) Deepwater squirrelfish A Holocentrus hullisi Woods Reef squirrelfish A Holocentrus coruscus (Poey) Longjaw squirrelfish A Holocentrus marianus (Cuvier) Longspine squirrelfish A Holocentrus rufus (Walbaum) Dusky squirrelfish A Holocentrus vexillarius (Poey) Blackbar soldierfish A Myripristis jacobus Cuvier Bigeye soldierfish A Ostichthys trachypomus (Giinther) Cardinal soldierfish A Plectrypops retrospinis (Guichenot) Order Percopsiformes (Salmopercae) Percopsidae — trout-perches Trout-perch F Percopsis omiscomaycus (Walbaum) Sand roller F Percopsis transmoniana (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) Aphredoderidae — pirate perches Pirate perch F Aphredoderus sayanus (Gilliams) Order Zeiformes (Zeomorphi) Zeidae — dories American John Dory A Zenopsis ocellata (Storer) Caproidae — boarfishes Deepbody boarfish A Antigonia capros Lowe Shortspine boarfish A Antigonia comhatia Berry and Rathjen Order Perciformes (Percomorphi ; Acanthopterygii) Centropomidae — snooks Swordspine snook A Centropomus ensijerus Poey Little snook A Centropomus parallelus Poey NAMES OF FISHES 25 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Tarpon snook A Centropomus pectinatus Poey Snook A Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch) Serranidae^ — sea basses Mutton hamlet A Alphestes afer (Bloch) Crimson bass A Anthias asperilinguis Giinther Southern sea bass A Centropristes melanus Ginsburg Bank sea bass A Centropristes ocyurus (Jordan and Evermann) Rock sea bass A Centropristes philadelphicus (Linnaeus) Black sea bass A Centropristes striatus (Linnaeus) Coney A Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus) Marbled grouper A Dermatolepis inermis (Valenciennes) Dwarf sand perch A Diplectrum bivittatum (Valenciennes) Sand perch A Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus) Rock hind A Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck) Spotted cabrilla P Epinephelus analogus Gill Speckled hind A Epinephelus drummondhayi Goode and Bean Yellowedge grouper A Epinephelus flavolimbatus Poey Red hind A Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus) Jewfish A Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein) Red grouper A Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) Warsaw grouper A Epinephelus nigritus (Holbrook) Snowy grouper A Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes) Nassau grouper A Epinephelus striatus (Bloch) Spanish flag A Gonioplectrus hispanus (Cuvier) Longtail bass A Hemanthias leptus (Ginsburg) Splittail bass P Hemanthias peruanus (Steindachner) Red barbier A Hemanthias vivanus (Jordan and Swain) Butter hamlet A Hypoplectrus unicolor (Walbaum) Black grouper A Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey) Gulf grouper P .... Mycteroperca jordani (Jenkins and Evermann) Gag A Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean) Scamp A Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and Swain Tiger grouper A Mycteroperca tigris (Valenciennes) Yellowfin grouper A Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus) Broomtail grouper P Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan Roughtongue bass A Ocyanthias martinicensis (Guichenot) Blackear bass A Paracentropristes pomospilus Ginsburg Kelp bass P Paralabrax clathratus (Girard) Spotted sand bass P Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner) Sand bass P Paralabrax nebulifer (Girard) Creole-fish A Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes) Graysby A Petrometopon cruentatum (Lac^p^de) Yellowtail bass A Pikea mexicana Schultz Wreckfish A Polyprion americanus (Bloch and Schneider) Orangeback bass A Prionodes annularis (Giinther) Lantern bass A Prionodes baldwini Evermann and Marsh Saddle bass A Prionodes notospilus (Longley) Tattler A Prionodes phoebe (Poey) Streamer bass A Pronotogrammus aureorubens Longley Reef bass A Pseudogrammus brederi (Hildebrand) White perch A-F Roccus americanus (Gmelin) 1 In addition to the epeeiea listed, two are sufficiently important in the sport fishery near our area oS Florida to warrant mention: misty grouper, Epinephelus mystacinua (Poey); yeUowmouth grouper Mycteroperca inter stitialia (Poey). 26 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME White bass F Roccus chrysops (Rafinesque) Yellow bass F . .Roccus mississippiensis (Jordan and Eigenmann) Striped bass A-F-P Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum) Freckled soapfish A Rypticus arenatus Cuvier Soapfish A Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch and Schneider) Spotted soapfish A Rypticus suhhifrenatus (Gill) Belted sandfish A Serranellus suhligarius (Cope) Pygmy sea bass A Serraniculus pumilio Ginsburg Chalk bass A Serranus tortugarum Longley Giant sea bass P Stereolepis gigas Ayres Lobotidae — tripletails Tripletail A Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch) Lut j anidae — snappers Black snapper A Apsilus dentatus Guichenot Queen snapper A Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes) Mutton snapper A Lutjanus analis (Cuvier) Schoolmaster A Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum) Red snapper A Lutjanus blackfordi Goode and Bean Blackfin snapper A Lutjanus hux;canella (Cuvier) Caribbean red snapper A Lutjanus campechanus (Poey) Cubera snapper A Lutjanus cyanopterus (Cuvier) Gray snapper A Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus) Dog snapper A Lutjanus jocu (Bloch and Schneider) Mahogany snapper A Lutjanus mahogoni (Cuvier) Lane snapper A Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus) Silk snapper A Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier) Yellowtail snapper A Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch) Wenchman A Pristipomoides andersoni Ginsburg Vermilion snapper A Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier) Priacanthidae — bigeyes Bigeye A Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier Glasseye snapper A Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacepede) Short bigeye A Pristigenys alta (Gill) Popeye cataluf a P Pristigenys serrula (Gilbert) Apogonidae — cardinalfishes Bronze cardinalfish A Apogon alutus Jordan and Gilbert Bridle cardinalfish A Apogon aurolineatus (Mowbray) Barred cardinalfish A Apogon binotatus (Poey) Freckled cardinalfish A Apogon conklini (Silvester) Whitestar cardinalfish A Apogon lachneri Bohlke Flamefish A Apogon maculatus (Poey) Dusky cardinalfish A Apogon pigmentarius (Poey) Pale cardinalfish A Apogon planifrons Longley and Hildebrand Twospot cardinalfish A Apogon pseudomaculatus Longley Sawcheek cardinalfish A Apogon qaadrisquamatus Longley Conchfish A Apogon stellatus (Cope) Belted cardinalfish A Apogon townsendi (Breder) NAMES OF FISHES 27 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Centrarchidae — sunfishes Mud sunfish F Acantharchus pomotis (Baird) Roanoke bass F Ambloplites cavifrons Cope Rock bass F Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque) Sacramento perch F Archoplites interruptus (Girard) Flier F Centrarchus macropterus (Lacep^de) Warmouth F Chaenobryttus gulosus (Cuvier) Everglades pygmy sunfish F Elassoma evergladei Jordan Okef enokee pygmy sunfish F Elassoma okefenokee Bohlke Banded pygmy sunfish F Elassoma zonatum Jordan Blackbanded sunfish F Enneacanthus chaetodon (Baird) Bluespotted sunfish F Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook) Banded sunfish F Enneacanthus ohesus (Girard) Redbreast sunfish F Lepomis auritus (Linnaeus) Green sunfish F Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque Pumpkinseed F Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus) Orangespotted sunfish F Lepomis humilis (Girard) Bluegill F Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque Dollar sunfish F Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook) Longear sunfish F Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque) Redear sunfish F Lepomis microlophus (Giinther) Spotted sunfish F Lepomis punctatus (Valenciennes) Bantam sunfish F Lepomis symmetricus Forbes Redeye bass F Micropterus coosae Hubbs and Bailey Smallmouth bass F Micropterus dolomieui Lac^pfede Suwannee bass F Micropterus notius Bailey and Hubbs Spotted bass F Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque) Largemouth bass F Micropterus salmoides (Lac^pede) Guadalupe bass F Micropterus treculi (Vaillant and Bocourt) White crappie F Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque Black crappie F Pomoxis nigromaculatus (LeSueur) Percidae — perches Crystal darter F Ammocrypta asprella (Jordan) Naked sand darter F Ammocrypta beani Jordan Western sand darter F Ammocrypta clara Jordan and Meek Eastern sand darter F Ammocrypta pellv^ida (Baird) Scaly sand darter F Ammocrypta vivax Hay Sharphead darter F Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey Mud darter F Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes) Cumberland snubnose darter .... F Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan) Scalyhead darter F Etheostoma barratti (Holbrook) Greenside darter F Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque Blenny darter F Etheostoma blennius Gilbert and Swain Rainbow darter F Etheostoma caeruleum Storer Bluebreast darter F Etheostoma camurum (Cope) Bluntnose darter F Etheostoma chlorosomum (Hay) Ashy darter F Etheostoma cinereum Storer Carolina darter F Etheostoma collis (Hubbs and Cannon) Coosa darter F Etheostoma coosae (Fowler) Arkansas darter F Etheostoma cragini Gilbert Blackside snubnose darter F Etheostoma duryi Henshall 28 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Brown darter F Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs and Cannon) Arkansas saddled darter F Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs and Black) Iowa darter F Etheostoma exile (Girard) Fantail darter F Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque Fountain darter F Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan and Gilbert) Savannah darter F Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand Swamp darter F Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard) Slough darter F Etheostoma gracile (Girard) Rio Grande darter F Etheostoma grahami (Girard) Tuckasegee darter F Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand) Harlequin darter F Etheostoma histrio Jordan and Gilbert Turquoise darter F Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan and Brayton) Blueside darter F Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan and Brayton) Greenbreast darter F Etheostoma jordani Gilbert Yoke darter F Etheostoma juliae Meek Kanawha darter F Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney) Stripetail darter F Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam) Greenthroat darter F Etheostoma lepidum (Baird and Girard) Longfin darter F Etheostoma longimanum Jordan Redband darter F Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert and Swain Spotted darter F Etheostoma macidatum Kirtland Pinewoods darter F Etheostoma mariae (Fowler) Least darter F Etheostoma microperca Jordan and Gilbert Niangua darter F Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert and Meek Johnny darter F Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque Barcheek darter F Etheostoma obeyense Kirsch Finescale saddled darter F Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs and Trautman) Goldstripe darter F Etheostoma panipinne Gilbert and Swain Waccamaw darter F Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs and Raney) Riverweed darter F Etheostoma podostemone Jordan and Jenkins Cypress darter F Etheostoma proeliare (Hay) Stippled darter F Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz) Orangebelly darter F Etheostomxi radioswn (Hubbs and Black) Redline darter F Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope) Rock darter F Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert and Swain Arrow darter F Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan and Swain) Saluda darter F Etheostoma saludae (Hubbs and Cannon) Maryland darter F Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe and Welch) Sawcheek darter F Etheostoma, serriferum (Hubbs and Cannon) Tennessee snubnose darter F Etheostoma simoterum (Cope) Orangethroat darter F Etheostoma spectahile (Agassiz) Spottail darter F Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan Speckled darter F Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan) Gulf darter F Etheostoma swaini (Jordan) Swannanoa darter F Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan and Evermann Missouri saddled darter F Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs and Black) Seagreen darter F ... .Etheostoma thalassinum (Jordan and Brayton) Tippecanoe darter F Etheostoma tippecanoe Jordan and Evermann Tuscumbia darter F Etheostoma tuscumbia Gilbert and Swain Variegate darter F Etheostoma variatum Kirtland Striped darter F Etheostoma virgatum (Jordan) Glassy darter F Etheostoma vitreum (Cope) Redfin darter F Etheostoma whipplei (Girard) Banded darter F Etheostoma zonale (Cope) NAMES OF FISHES 29 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE KCIENTIFIC NAME Backwater darter F Etheostoma zoniferum (Hubbs and Cannon) Yellow perch F Perca flavescens (Mitchill) Yellow darter F Percina aurantiaca (Cope) Logperch F Percina caprodes (Rafinesque) Channel darter F Percina copclandi (Jordan) Piedmont darter F Percina crassa (Jordan and Brayton) Bluestripe darter F Percina cymatotaenia (Gilbert and Meek) Gilt darter F Percina evides (Jordan and Copeland) Longhead darter F Percina macrocephala (Cope) Blackside darter F Percina maculata (Girard) Longnose darter F Percina nasuta (Bailey) Blackbanded darter F Percina nigrofasciata (Agassiz) Stripeback darter F Percina noiogramma (Raney and Hubbs) Sharpnose darter F Percina oxyrhyncha (Hubbs and Raney) Bronze darter F Percina palmaris (Bailey) Leopard darter F Percina paniherina (Moore and Reeves) Shield darter F Percina peltata (Stauffer) Slenderhead darter F Percina phoxocephala (Nelson) Roanoke logperch F Percina rex (Jordan and Evermann) Dusky darter F Percina sciera (Swain) River darter F Percina shumardi (Girard) Olive darter F Percina squamata (Gilbert and Swain) Stargazing darter F Percina uranidea (Jordan and Gilbert) Sauger F Stizostedion canadense (Smith) Walleye F Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill) Blue pike F Stizostedion vitreum glaucum Hubbs Branchiostegidae — tilefishes Blackline tilefish A Caulolatilus cyanops Poey Ocean whitefish P Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns) Tilefish A .... Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode and Bean Sand tilefish A Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch) Pomatomidae — bluefishes Bluefish A Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus) Rachycentridae — cobias Cobia A Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) Carangidae' — jacks, scads, and pompanos African pompano A Alectis crinitus (Mitchill) Yellow jack A Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier Green jack P Caranx cahallus Giinther Blue runner A Caranx crysos (Mitchill) Crevalle jack A Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) Horse-eye jack A Caranx latus Agassiz Bar jack A Caranx ruber (Bloch) Bumper A Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus) Mexican scad P Decapterus hypodus Gill Mackerel scad A Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier) Round scad A Decapterus punctatus (Agassiz) ' An important sport fish, the black jack, Caranx lugvbria Poey, occurs just out of our area and is landed at Florida por 30 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Rainbow runner A Elagatis bipinnulatus (Quoy and Gaimard) Bluntnose jack A Hemicaranx amhlyrhynchus (Cuvier) Pilotfish A-P Navjcrates ductor (Linnaeus) Roosterfish P Nematistius pectoralis Gill Leatherjacket A-P OUgopUtes saurus (Bloch and Schneider) Bigeye scad A Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch) Lookdown A Selene vomer (Linnaeus) Pacific amberjack P Seriola colburni (Evermann and Clark) Yellowtail P Seriola dorsalis (Gill) Greater amberjack A Seriola dumerili (Risso) Almaco jack A Seriola falcata Valenciennes Lesser amberjack A Seriola fasciata (Bloch) Banded rudderfish A Seriola zonata (Mitchill) Pompano A Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus) Permit A Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus) Palometa A Trachinotus glaucus (Bloch) Paloma pompano P Trachinotus paitensis Cuvier Gafftopsail pompano P Trachinotus rhodopus (Gill) Rough scad A Trachurus lathami Nichols Jack mackerel P Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres) Cottonmouth jack A Uraspis heidi Fowler Pacific moonfish P Vomer decUvifrons Meek and Hildebrand Atlantic moonfish A Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill) Coryphaenidae — dolphins Pompano dolphin A Coryphaena equisetis Linnaeus Dolphin A-P Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus Bramidae — pomfrets Pomfret A-P Brama rayi (Bloch) Bigscale pomfret A-P Taractes longipinnis (Lowe) Gerridae — moj arras Irish pompano A Diapterus olisthostomus (Goode and Bean) Striped mojarra A Diapterus plumieri (Cuvier) Spotfin mojarra A-P Eucinostomus argenteus Baird and Girard Silver jenny A Eucinostomus gula (Quoy and Gaimard) Bigeye mojarra A Eucinostomus havana (Nichols) Mottled mojarra A Eucinostomus lefroyi (Goode) Flagfin mojarra A Eucinostomus melanopterus (Bleeker) Slender mojarra A Eucinostomus pseudogula Poey Yellowfin mojarra A Gerres cinereus (Walbaum) Pomadasyidae — grunts Sargo P Anisotremus davidsoni (Steindachner) Black margate A Anisotremus surinamensis (Bloch) Porkfish A Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) Tomtate A Bathystoma aurolineatum (Cuvier) Smalhnouth grunt A Brachygenys chrysargyrea (Gunther) Barred grunt A Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus) Margate A Haemidon album Cuvier Black grunt A Haemulon bonariense Cuvier Caesar grunt A Haemulon carbonarium Poey NAMES OF FISHES 31 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME French grunt A Haemulon flavolinealum (Desmarest) Spanish grunt A Haemulon macrostomum Giinther Cottonwick A Haemulon melanurum (Linnaeus) Sailors choice A Haemulon parrai (Desmarest) White grunt A Haemulon plumieri (Lac^pcde) Bluestriped grunt A Haemulon sciurus (Shaw) Pigfish A Orthopristis chrysopterus (Linnaeus) Burro grunt A Pomadasys crocro (Cuvier) Salema P Xenistius californiensis (Steindachner) Sciaenidae — drums Freshwater drum F Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque Silver perch A Bairdiella chrysura (Lac^pede) Bairdiella P^ Bairdiella icistius (Jordan and Gilbert) Black croaker P Cheilotrema satumum (Girard) Sand seatrout A Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg Spotted seatrout A Cynoscion nehulosus (Cuvier) White seabass P Cynoscion nobilis (Ayres) Silver seatrout A Cynoscion nothus (Holbrook) Shortfin corvina P Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres Weakfish A Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider) Grangemouth corvina P^ Cynoscion xanthulus Jordan and Gilbert Cubbyu A Equetus acuminatus (Bloch and Schneider) Jackknife-fish A Equetus lanceolatus (Linnaeus) Striped drum A Equetus pulcher (Steindachner) Spotted drum A Equetus punctatus (Bloch and Schneider) White croaker P Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres) Banded drum A Larimus fasciatus Holbrook Spot A Leiostomus xanthurus Lac^p^de Southern kingfish A Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus) Minkfish A Menticirrhus focaliger Ginsburg Gulf kingfish A Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook) Northern kingfish A^ Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider) California corbina P Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard) Atlantic croaker A Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus) Reef croaker A Odontoscion dentex (Cuvier) Catalina croaker P Ophioscion thompsoni (Hubbs) Black drum A Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus) Spotfin croaker P Roncador steamsi (Steindachner) Red drum A Sciaenops ocellata (Linnaeus) Queenfish P Seriphus politus Ajo-es Star drum A Stellifer lanceolatus (Holbrook) Sand drum A Umbrina coroides Cuvier Yellowfin croaker P Umbrina roncador Jordan and Gilbert Blue croaker A Vacuoqua sialis (Jordan and Eigenmann) MuUidae — goatfishes Yellow goatfish A Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier) Red goatfish A Mullus auratus Jordan and Gilbert Mexican goatfish P Pseudupeneus dentatus (Gill) ' In our area confined to Salton Sea. 32 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Spotted goatfish A Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch) Dwarf goatfish A Upeneus parvus Poey Sparidae — porgies Sheepshead A Archosargus prohatoccphalus (Walbaum) Sea bream A Archosargus rhomboidalis (Linnaeus) Grass porgy A Calamus arctifrons Goode and Bean Jolthead porgy A Calamus bajonado (Bloch and Schneider) Pacific porgy P Calamus hrachysomus (Lockington) Saucereye porgy A Calamus calamus (Valenciennes) Whitebone porgy A Calamus leucosteus Jordan and Gilbert Sheepshead porgy A Calamus penna (Valenciennes) Littlehead porgy A Calamus proridens Jordan and Gilbert Silver porgy A Diplodus argenteus (Valenciennes) Spottail pinfish A Diplodus holhrooki (Bean) Pinfish A Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus) Red porgy A Pagrus sedecim Ginsburg Longspine porgy A Stenotomus caprinus Bean Scup A Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus) Pempheridae — sweepers Glassy sweeper A Pempheris schomhurgki Miiller and Troschel Scorpidae — halfmoons Halfmoon P Medialuna californiensis (Steindachner) Kyphosidae — sea chubs Zebra perch P Hermosilla azurea Jenkins and Evermann Yellow chub A Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier) Bermuda chub A Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus) Girellidae— nibblers Opaleye P Girella nigricans (Ayres) Ephippidae — spadefishes Atlantic spadefish A Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet) Pacific spadefish P Chaetodipterus zonatus (Girard) Chaetodontidae — butterflyfishes Cherubfish A Centropyge argi Woods and Kanazawa Bank butterflyfish A Chaetodon aya Jordan Foureye butterflyfish A Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus Spotfin butterflyfish A Chaetodon occllatus Bloch Reef butterflyfish A Chaetodon scdentarius Poey Banded butterflyfish A Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus Blue angelfish A Holacanthus bermudensis (Goode) Queen angelfish A Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus) Rock beauty A Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch) French angelfish A Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus) Gray angelfish A Pomacanthus aureus (Bloch) Longsnout butterflyfish A Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey) NAMES OF FISHES 33 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Cichlidae — cichlids Velvet cichlid F Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz) Rio Grande perch F Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum (Baird and Girard) Embiotocidae — surfperches Barred surfperch P Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz Calico surfperch P Amphistichus koelzi (Hubbs) Redtail surfperch P Amphistichus rhodoterus (Agassiz) Kelp perch P Brachyistius frenatus Gill Shiner perch P-F Cymatogaster oggregata Gibbons Island seaperch P Cymatogaster gracilis Tarp Black perch P Embiotoca jacksoni Agassiz Striped seaperch P Embiotoca lateralis Agassiz Spotfin surfperch P Hyperprosopon anale Agassiz Walleye surfperch P Hyperprosopon argenteum Gibbons Silver surfperch P Hyperprosopon ellipticum (Gibbons) Rainbow seaperch P Hypsurus caryi (Agassiz) Tule perch F Hysterocarpus traski Gibbons Reef perch P Micrometrus aurora (Jordan and Gilbert) Dwarf perch P Micrometrus minimus (Gibbons) Sharpnose seaperch P Phanerodon atripes (Jordan and Gilbert) White seaperch P Phanerodon furcatus Girard Rubberlip seaperch P Rhacochilus toxotes Agassiz Pile perch P Rhacochilus vacca (Girard) Pink seaperch P Zalembius rosaceus (Jordan and Gilbert) Pomacentridae — damselfishes Sergeant major A Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus) Night sergeant A Abudefduf taurus (Miiller and Troschel) Blue chromis A Chromis cyanea (Poey) Yellowtail reef -fish A Chromis enchrysurus Jordan and Gilbert Gray reef -fish A Chromis insolatus (Cuvier) Brown chromis A Chromis multilineata (Guichenot) Blacksmith P Chromis punctipinnis (Cooper) Dusky damselfish A Eupomacentrus dorsopunicans (Poey) Beaugregory A . . Eupomacentrus leucostictus (Miiller and Troschel) Bicolor damselfish A Eupomacentrus partitus (Poey) Threespot damselfish A Eupomacentrus planifrons (Cuvier) Cocoa damselfish A Eupomacentrus variabilis (Castelnau) Garibaldi P Hypsypops rubicunda (Girard) Yellowtail damselfish A Microspathodon chrysurus (Cuvier) Labridae — wrasses Spotfin hogfish A Bodianus pulchellus (Poey) Spanish hogfish A Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus) Creole wrasse A Clepticus parrai (Bloch and Schneider) Red hogfish A Decodon puellaris (Poey) Dwarf wrasse A Doratonotus megalepis Giinther Greenband wrasse A Halichoeres bathyphilus Beebe and Tee-Van Slippery dick A Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch) Painted wrasse A Halichoeres caudalis (Poey) Yellowhead wrasse A Halichoeres garnoti (Valenciennes) 34 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Clown wrasse Blackear wrasse .... Puddingwife Rock wrasse Hogfish Sefiorita California sheephead Tautog Cunner Bluehead Rosy razorfish Pearly razorfish Green razorfish Bluelip parrotfish . . . Emerald parrotfish . . Purple parrotfish .... Blue parrotfish Striped parrotfish . . . Rainbow parrotfish . . Queen parrotfish .... Redband parrotfish . . Spotfin parrotfish . . . Redtail parrotfish . . . Bucktooth parrotfish Redfin parrotfish .... Stoplight parrotfish . . A ... Halichoeres maculipinna (Miiller and Troschel) A Halichoeres poeyi (Steindachner) A Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus) P Halichoeres semicinctus (Ayres) A Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum) P Oxyjulis calif ornica (Giinther) P Pimelometopon pulchrum (Ayres) A Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus) A Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum) A Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch) A Xyrichthys martinicensis Valenciennes A Xyrichthys psittacus (Linnaeus) A Xyrichthys ventralis Bean Scaridae — parrotfishes A Cryptotomus roseus Cope A Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes) A Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes A Scarus coeruleus (Bloch) A Scarus croicensis Bloch A Scarus guacamaia Cuvier A Scarus vetula Bloch and Schneider A Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes) A Sparisoma axillare Steindachner A Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch and Schneider) A Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes) A Sparisoma ruhripinne (Valenciennes) A Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre) Ocean surgeon . . Doctorfish Blue tang Gulf surgeonfish Acanthuridae — surgeonfishes . . . A Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau A Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch) A Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch and Schneider . . . A Acanthurus randalli Briggs and Caldwell Snake mackerel . Escolar Oilfish Gempylidae — snake mackerels . . . . A Gempylus serpens Cuvier . . . . A-P Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith) . . . . A-P Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco Scabbardfish Atlantic cutlassfish. Pacific cutlassfish . . Trichiuridae — cutlassfishes P Lepidopus xantusi Goode and Bean A Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus P Trichiurus nitens Carman Wahoo Frigate mackerel . . . Little tuna Black skipjack Skipjack tuna Wavyback skipjack Scombridae — mackerels and tunas A Acanthocybium solanderi (Cuvier) A Auxis thazard (Lac^p^de) A Euthynnus allettcratus (Rafinesque) P Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye A-P Euthynnus pelamis (Linnaeus) P Euthynnus yaito Kishinouye NAMES OF FISHES 35 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Pacific bonito P Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier) Striped bonito A Sarda orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel) Atlantic bonito A Sarda sarda (Bloch) Chub mackerel A Scomber colzas Gmelin Pacific mackerel P Scomber japonicus Houttuyn Atlantic mackerel A Scomber scombrus Linnaeus King mackerel A Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier) Monterey Spanish mackerel P Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington) Spanish mackerel A Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill) Cero A Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch) Albacore A-P Thunnus alaiunga (Bonnaterre) Yellowfin tuna A-P Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre) Blackfin tuna A Thunnus ailanticus (Lesson) Bigeye tuna A-P Thunnus obesus Lowe Bluefin tuna A-P Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus) Luvaridae — louvars Louvar A-P Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque Istiophoridae^ — billfishes Atlantic sailfish A Istiophorus albicans (Latreille) White marlin A Makaira albida (Poey) Striped marlin P Makaira audax (Phillipi) Blue marlin A Makaira nigricans Lacepede Shortbill spearfish P Tetrapturus angustirostris Tanaka Longbill spearfish A Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque Xiphiidae — swordfishes Swordfish A-P Xiphias gladius Linnaeus Eleotridae — sleepers Fat sleeper A-F Dormitator maculatus (Bloch) Spotted sleeper F Eleotris picta Kner and Steindachner Spmycheek sleeper F Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin) Emerald sleeper A Erotelis smaragdus (Valenciennes) Masked sleeper A Eviota per sonata Jordan and Thompson Bigmouth sleeper A-F Gobiomorus dormitor Lacepede Blue sleeper A loglossus calliurus Bean Gobiidae — gobies River goby A-F Awaous tajasica (Lichtenstein) Bearded goby A Barbulifer ceuthoecus (Jordan and Gilbert) Notchtongue goby A Bathygobius curacao (Metzelaar) Frillfin goby A Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes) White-eye goby A Bollmannia jeannae Fowler Arrow goby P-F Clevelandia ios (Jordan and Gilbert) Bridled goby A Coryphopterus glaucofraenum Gill Bluespot goby P Coryphopterus nicholsi (Bean) Neon goby A Elacatinus oceanops Jordan Tidewater goby P-F Eucyclogobius newberryi (Girard) ' The following species, not yet recorded from our area, occur south of the California border in the Pacific: Pacific sailfiah, Istio- phorus greyi Jordan and Evermann; black marlin, Makaira indica (Cuvier); and blue marlin, Makaira nigricans LacSpdde. 36 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Sponge goby A Evermannichthys spongicola (Radcliffe) Lyre goby A Evorlhodus lyricus (Girard) Tiger goby A Garmannia macrodon (Beebe and Tee-Van) Longjaw mudsucker P-F Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper Goldspot goby A Gnatholepis thompsoni Jordan Violet goby A Gobioides broussonneti Lacepede Darter goby A Gobionellus boleosoma (Jordan and Gilbert) Slim goby A Gobionellus gracillimus Ginsburg Sharptail goby A Gobionellus hastatus Girard Longtail goby P . .Gobionellus longicaudus (Jenkins and Evermann) Highfin goby A Gobionellus Oceanians (Pallas) Freshwater goby A-F Gobionellus shufeldti (Jordan and Evermann) Emerald goby A Gobionellus smaragdus (Valenciennes) Marked goby A Gobionellus stigmaticus (Poey) Spottail goby A Gobionellus stigmaturus (Goode and Bean) Naked goby A Gobiosoma bosci (Lacepede) Seaboard goby A Gobiosoma ginsburgi Hildebrand and Schroeder Whiteline goby A Gobiosoma horsti Metzelaar Twoscale goby A Gobiosoma longipala Ginsburg Orangespotted goby A Gobiosoma longitm Nichols Code goby A Gobiosoma robustum Ginsburg Paleback goby A Gobulus myersi Ginsburg Cheekspot goby P Ilypnus gilberti (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) Bay goby P Lepidogobius lepidus (Girard) Half blind goby P Lethops connectens Hubbs Crested goby A Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas) Bluebanded goby P Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert) Zebra goby P Lythrypnus zebra (Gilbert) Seminole goby A Microgobius carri Fowler Clown goby A Microgobius gidosus (Girard) Banner goby A ... Microgobius microlepis Longley and Hildebrand Green goby A Microgobius thalassinus (Jordan and Gilbert) Shadow goby P Quietula y-cauda (Jenkins and Evermann) Smallmouth goby A Risor ruber (Rosen) Blind goby P Typhlogobius califomiensis Steindachner Microdesmidae — wormfishes Pugjaw wormfish A Microdesmus floridanus (Longley) Pink wormfish A Microdesmus longipinnis (Weymouth) Scorpaenidae — scorpionfishes and rockfishes Blackbelly rosefish A Helicolenus dactylopierus (De la Roche) Spiny cheek scorpionfish A Neomerinthe pollux (Poey) Longsnout scorpionfish A Pontinus castor Poey Scalyhead scorpionfish A Pontinus longispinis Goode and Bean Highfin scorpionfish A Pontinus rathbuni Goode and Bean Longfin scorpionfish A Scorpaena agassizi Goode and Bean Red scorpionfish A Scorpaena atlantica Nichols and Breder Goosehead scorpionfish A Scorpaena bergi Evermann and Marsh Barbfish A Scorpaena brasiliensis Cuvier Smoothhead scorpionfish A Scorpaena calcarata Goode and Bean Hunchback scorpionfish A Scorpaena dispar Longley and Hildebrand Lionfish A Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier NAMES OF FISHES 37 CO.MMOX NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME California scorpionfish P Scorpaena guttata Girard Mushroom scorpionfish A Scorpaena inermis Cuvier Finescale scorpionfish A Spotted scorpionfish A Reef scorpionfish A Redfish or ocean perch A Blackthroat rockfish P Pacific ocean perch P Kelp rockfish P Brown rockfish P Aurora rockfish P Silvergray rockfish P Gopher rockfish P Copper rockfish P Greenspotted rockfish P Black-and-yellow rockfish P Dusky rockfish P Starry rockfish P Blackmouth rockfish P Calico rockfish P Splitnose rockfish P Greenstriped rockfish P Puget Sound rockfish P Widow rockfish P Pink rockfish P Yellowtail rockfish P Bronzespotted rockfish P Chilipepper P Scorpaena microlepis Gunter Scorpaena plumieri Bloch Scorpaenodes caribhaeus Meek and Hildebrand Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus) .Sebastodes^ aleutianus Jordan and Evermann Sebastodes alutus (Gilbert) .... Sebastodes atrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes auriculaius (Girard) Sebastodes aurora (Gilbert) Sebastodes brevispinis (Bean) Sebastodes carnatus (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson) . . Sebastodes chlorostictus (Jordan and Gilbert) . . Sebastodes chrysomelas (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes ciliatus (Tilesius) . . . Sebastodes constellatus (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes crameri Jordan ... .Sebastodes dalli (Eigenmann and Beeson) Sebastodes diploproa (Gilbert) Sebastodes elongatus ( Ayres) Sebastodes emphaeus Starks .... Sebastodes entomelas (Jordan and Gilbert) . . Sebastodes eos (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) Sebastodes flavidus Ayres . . . Sebastodes gilli Eigenmann and Eigenmann Sebastodes goodei Eigenmann and Eigenmann Rosethorn rockfish P Sebastodes helvomaculatus (Ayres) Squarespot rockfish P Shortbelly rockfish P Cow rockfish P Coral-red rockfish P Quillback rockfish P Black rockfish P Blackgill rockfish P Vermilion rockfish P Blue rockfish P China rockfish P Tiger rockfish P Speckled rockfish P Bocaccio P Canary rockfish P Northern rockfish P Redstripe rockfish P Grass rockfish P Swordspine rockfish P Rosy rockfish P Rasphead rockfish P Flag rockfish P Stripetail rockfish P . Sebastodes hopkinsi Cramer Sebastodes jordani Gilbert . . .Sebastodes levis (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) Sebastodes macdonaldi (Eigenmann and Beeson) Sebastodes maliger (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes melanops (Girard) Sebastodes melanostomus Eigenmann and Eigenmann Sebastodes miniatus (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes nebulosus (Ayres) Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres) Sebastodes ovalis Ayres Sebastodes paucispinis (Ayres) Sebastodes pinniger (Jordan and Gilbert) . . Sebastodes polyspinis (Taranetz and Moiseev) Sebastodes proriger (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes rastrelliger (Jordan and Gilbert) . . . . Sebastodes rhodochloris (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes rosaceus Jordan and Gilbert Sebastodes ruberrimus Cramer . . . . Sebastodes rubrivinctus (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes saxicola (Gilbert) 1 The species here assigned to Sebastodes are referred by some authors to Sebastes. 38 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Half banded rockfish P Olive rockfish P Sebastodes semicinctus Gilbert Sebastodes serranoides Eigenmann and Eigenmann Sebastodes serriceps (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes umbrosus (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes vexillaris (Jordan and Gilbert) Sebastodes wilsoni Gilbert Sebastodes zacentrus (Gilbert) Shortspine channel rockfish P Sebastolobus alascanus Bean Longspine channel rockfish P Sebastolobus altwelis Gilbert Treefish P Honeycomb rockfish P Whitebelly rockfish P Pygmy rockfish P Sharpchin rockfish P Triglidae — searobins Shortfin searobin A Streamer searobin A Horned searobin A Slenderhead searobin A Armored searobin A Spiny searobin A Sicklefin searobin A Northern searobin A Striped searobin A Barred searobin A Bandtail searobin A Mexican searobin A Blackwing searobin A Bluespotted searobin A Blackfin searobin A Leopard searobin A Shortwing searobin A Lumptail searobin P Bighead searobin A Bellator brachijchir (Regan) Bellator egretta (Goode and Bean) Bellator militaris (Goode and Bean) Peristedion imberbe (Poey) Peristedion miniatum Goode Prionotus alatus Goode and Bean Prionotus beani Goode Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus) Prionotus evolans (Linnaeus) Prionotus martis Ginsburg .... Prionotus ophryas Jordan and Swain Prionotus paralatus Ginsburg . Prionotus pectoralis Nichols and Breder .Prionotus roseus Jordan and Evermann Prionotus rubio Jordan . . . Prionotus scitulus Jordan and Gilbert .... Prionotus stearnsi Jordan and Swain Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington Prionotus tribulus Cuvier Sablefish . Skilfish . . Anoplopomatidae — sablefishes . . . . P Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) . . . . P Erilepis zonifer (Lockington) Hexagrammidae — greenlings Kelp greenling P Masked greenling P Whitespotted greenling P Rock greenling P Lingcod P Painted greenling P Atka mackerel P . . . Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas) . . . Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas) Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius . . .Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas) Ophiodon elongatus Girard Oxylebius pictus Gill , Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas) Zaniolepidae — combfishes Shortspine combfish P Longspine combfish P . Zaniolepis frenata Eigenmann . .Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard Cottidae^ — sculpins Hookear sculpin A Coralline sculpin P .Artediellus uncinatus (Reinhardt) Artedius corallinus (Hubbs) • In addition to the species included, some 45 cottida are known to occur in North American waters only in Alaska. Most are small and little known. Their inclusion in thia list would be premature. NAMES OF FISHES 39 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Roughcheek sculpin P Artedius creaseri (Hubbs) Padded sculpin P Artedius fenestralis Jordan and Gilbert Spurcheek sculpin P Artedius hankinsoni (Hubbs) Scalyhead sculpin P Artedius harringtoni (Starks) Smoothhead sculpin P Artedius lateralis (Girard) Bonehead sculpin P Artedius notospilotus Girard Rosylip sculpin P Ascelichthys rhodorus Jordan and Gilbert Spinynose sculpin P Asemichthys taylori Gilbert Crested sculpin P Blepsias bilobus Cuvier Silverspotted sculpin P Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) Roughback sculpin P Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner) Sharpnose sculpin P-F Clinocottus acuticeps (Gilbert) Wooly sculpin P Clinocottus analis (Girard) Calico sculpin P Clinocottus embryum (Jordan and Starks) Mosshead sculpin P Clinocottus globiceps (Girard) Bald sculpin P Clinocottus recalvus (Greeley) Coastrange sculpin P-F Cottus aleuticus Gilbert Eagle sculpin F Cottus annae Jordan and Starks Prickly sculpin P-F Cottus asper Richardson Rough sculpin F Cottus asperrinius Rutter Mottled sculpin F Cottus bairdi Girard Piute sculpin F Cottus beldingi Eigenmann and Eigenmann Malheur sculpin F Cottus bendirei (Bean) Banded sculpin F Cottus carolinae (Gill) Slimy sculpin F Cottus cognatus Richardson Shoshone sculpin F Cottus greenei (Gilbert and Culver) Riffle sculpin F Cottus gidosus (Girard) Columbia sculpin F Cottus hubbsi Bailey and Dimick Marbled sculpin F Cottus klamathensis Gilbert Wood River sculpin F Cottus leiopomus Gilbert and Evermann Margmed sculpin F Cottus marginatus (Bean) Reticulate sculpin F Cottus perplexus Gilbert and Evermann Klamath Lake sculpin F Cottus princeps Gilbert Torrent sculpin F Cottus rhotheus (Smith) Spoonhead sculpin F Cottus ricei (Nelson) Slender sculpin F Cottus tenuis (Evermann and Meek) Spinyhead sculpin P Dasycottus setiger Bean Buffalo sculpin P Enophrys bison (Girard) Bull sculpin P Enophrys taurina Gilbert Soft sculpin P Gilbertidia sigalutes (Jordan and Starks) Arctic staghorn sculpin A-P Gymnocanthus tricuspis (Reinhardt) Red Irish lord P Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius) Brown Irish lord P Hemilepidotus spinosus (Ayres) Sea raven A Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin) Northern sculpin P Icelinus borealis Gilbert Dusky sculpin P ... Icelinus burchami Evermann and Goldsborough Pit-head sculpin P Icelinus cavifrons Gilbert Threadfin sculpin P Icelinus filamentosus Gilbert Fringed sculpin P Icelinus fimbriatus Gilbert Frogmouth sculpin P Icelinus oculatus Gilbert Yellowchin sculpin P Icelinus quadriseriatus (Lockington) Spotfin sculpin P Icelinus tenuis Gilbert Twohorn sculpin A Icelus bicornis (Reinhardt) Spatulate sculpin A-P Icelus spatula Gilbert and Burke Longfin sculpin P Jordania zonope Starks 40 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Lavender sculpin P Leiocottus hirundo Girard Pacific staghorn sculpin P-F Leptocottus armatus Girard Blackfin sculpin P Malacocottus kincaidi Gilbert and Thompson Grubby A Myoxocephalus aeneus (Mitchill) Longhorn sculpin A Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus (Mitchill) Great sculpin P Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas) Fourhorn sculpin A-F-P Myoxocephalus quadricornis (Linnaeus) Arctic sculpin A-P Myoxocephalus scorpioides (Fabricius) Shorthorn sculpin A-P Myoxocephalus scorpius (Linnaeus) Sailfin sculpin P Nautichthys oculofasciatus (Girard) Tidepool sculpin P Oligocottus macidosus Girard Saddleback sculpin P Oligocottus rimensis (Greeley) Rosy sculpin P Oligocottus rubellio (Greeley) Fluffy sculpin P Oligocottus snyderi Greeley Snubnose sculpin P Orthonopias triads Starks and Mann Thornback sculpin P Paricelinus hopliticus Eigenmann and Eigenmann Tadpole sculpin P Psychrolutes paradoxus Giinther Slim sculpin P Radulinus asprellus Gilbert Darter sculpin P Radulinus holeoides Gilbert Smoothgum sculpin P Radulinus vinculus Bolin Grunt sculpin P Rhamphocottus richardsoni Giinther Puget Sound sculpin P Ruscarius meanyi Jordan and Starks Cabezon P Scorpaenichthys niarmoratus (Ayres) Manacled sculpin P Synchirus gilli Bean Roughspine sculpin P Triglops macellus (Bean) Mailed sculpin A Triglops nybelini Jensen Ribbed sculpin A-P Triglops pingeli Reinhardt Agonidae — poachers and alligatorfishes Northern spearnose poacher P Agonopsis emmelane (Jordan and Starks) Southern spearnose poacher P Agonopsis sterletus (Gilbert) Sturgeon poacher P Agonus acipenserinus Tilesius Atlantic poacher A Agonus decagonus Bloch and Schneider Smooth alligatorfish P Anoplagonus inermis (Giinther) Aleutian alligatorfish P Aspidophoroides bartoni Gilbert Alligatorfish A Aspidophoroides monopterygius (Bloch) Arctic alligatorfish A-P Aspidophoroides olriki Liitken Gray starsnout P Asterotheca alascana (Gilbert) Spinycheek starsnout P Asterotheca infraspinata (Gilbert) Bigeye poacher P Asterotheca pentacanthus (Gilbert) Blackfin poacher P Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert Rockhead P Bothragonus swani (Steindachner) Fourhorn poacher P Hypsagonus quadricornis (Cuvier) Bering poacher P Occa dodecaedra (Tilesius) Warty poacher P Occa verrucosa (Lockington) Pygmy poacher P Odontopyxis irispinosa Lockington Tubenose poacher P Pallasina barbata (Steindachner) Sawback poacher P Sarritor frenatus (Gilbert) Longnose poacher P Sarritor leptorhynchus (Gilbert) Beardless poacher P Stelgis vulsa (Jordan and Gilbert) Pricklebreast poacher P Stellerina xyostema (Jordan and Gilbert) Blacktip poacher P Xeneretmus latifrons (Gilbert) NAMES OF FISHES 41 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Ciitfin poacher P Xeneretmus leiops Gilbert Stripefin poacher P Xeneretmus ritteri Gilbert Bluespotted poacher P Xeneretmus triacanthus (Gilbert) Cyclopteridae — lumpfishes and snailfishes Smooth lumpsucker P Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas) Longfin snailfish A Careproctus longipinnis Burke Globefish P Cyclopterichthys glaber Steindachner Arctic lumpsucker A Cyclopteropsis macalpini (Fowler) Lumpfish A Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus Leatherfin lumpsucker A-P Eumicrotremus derjngini Popov Pacific spiny lumpsucker P Eumicrotremus orbis (Gunther) Atlantic spiny lumpsucker A Eumicrotremus spinosus (Muller) Newfoundland spiny lumpsucker . A Eumicrotremus terraenovae Myers and Bohlke Seasnail A Liparis atlanticus (Jordan and Evermann) Spotted snailfish P Liparis callyodon (Pallas) Ribbon snailfish P Liparis cyclopus Gunther Polka-dot snailfish A-P Liparis cyclostigma Gilbert ]\Iarbled snailfish P Liparis dennyi Jordan and Starks Tidepool snailfish P Liparis florae (Jordan and Starks) Slipskm snailfish P Liparis fucensis Gilbert Gelatinous seasnail A-P Liparis koefoedi Parr Striped seasnail A Liparis liparis (Linnaeus) Slimy snailfish P Liparis mucosiis Ayres Showy snailfish P Liparis pulchellus Ayres Ringtail snailfish P Liparis rutteri (Gilbert and Snyder) Greenland seasnail A Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt Tadpole snailfish P Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert and Burke Prickly snailfish P Paraliparis deani Burke Bering snailfish P Polypera beringiana (Gilbert and Burke) Lobefin snailfish P Polypera greeni (Jordan and Starks) Dactylopteridae — flying gurnards Flying gurnard A Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus) Trichodontidae — sandfishes Sailfin sandfish P Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner) Pacific sandfish P Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius) Ammodytidae — sand lances American sand lance A Ammodytes americanus DeKay Northern sand lance A Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt Pacific sand lance A-P Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas Opisthognathidae — j a wfishes Sword tail jawfish A Lonchopisthus lindneri Ginsburg Yellowhead jawfish A Opisthognathus aurifrons (Jordan and Thompson) Banded jawfish A Opisthognathus fasciatus Longley Longtail jawfish A Opisthognathus lonchurus Jordan and Gilbert Spotfin jawfish A Opisthognathus macrognathus Poey Mottled jawfish A Opisthognathus maxillosus Poey 42 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Pensacola jawfish A Opisthognathus mystacinus (Jordan) Dusky jawfish A Opisthognathus whitehursti (Longley) Bathymasteridae — ronquils Alaskan ronquil P . . .Bathymaster caeruleofasciatus Gilbert and Burke Searcher P Bathymaster signatus Cope Rough ronquil P Rathhunella alleni Gilbert Smooth ronquil P Rathhunella hypoplectus (Gilbert) Northern ronquil P Ronquilus jordani (Gilbert) Percophididae — flatheads Duckbill flathead A Bemhrops anatirostris Ginsburg Goby flathead A Bemhrops gohioides (Goode) Uranoscopidae — stargazers Freckled stargazer A Arioscopus egregius (Jordan and Thompson) Northern stargazer A Astroscopus guttatus Abbott Southern stargazer A Astroscopus y-graecum (Cuvier) Lancer stargazer A Kathetostoma alhigutta (Bean) Smooth stargazer P Kathetostoma averruncus Jordan and Bollman Dactyloscopidae — sand stargazers Sand stargazer A Dactyloscopus iridigitatus Gill Arrow stargazer A Gillellus greyae Kanazawa Saddle stargazer A Heteristius ruhrocinctus (Longley) Callionymidae — dragonets Lancer dragonet A Callionymus hairdi Jordan Coral dragonet A Callionymus boekei Metzlaar Spotted dragonet A . Callionymus calliurus Eigenmann and Eigenmann Clinidae — clinids Roughhead blenny A Acanthemhlemaria aspera (Longley) Spinyhead blenny A Acanthemhlemaria spinosa Metzelaar Island kelpfish P Alloclinus holderi (Lauderbach) Checkered blenny A Brannerella ocellata (Steindachner) Orangethroat pikeblenny P Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert) Bluethroat pikeblenny A Chaenopsis ocellata Poey Deep water blenny P Cryptotrema corallinum Gilbert Banner blenny A Emhlemaria atlantica Jordan and Evermann Glass blenny A Emhlemaria diaphana (Longley) Sailfin blenny A Emhlemaria pandionis Evermann and Marsh Pirate blenny A Emhlemaria piratula Ginsburg and Reid Redeye blenny A Enneapterygius pectoralis Fowler Spotted kelpfish P Gihhonsia elegans (Cooper) Scarlet kelpfish P Gihhonsia erythra Hubbs Striped kelpfish P Gihhonsia metzi Hubbs Crevice kelpfish P Gihhonsia montercyensis Hubbs Wrasse blenny A . Hemiemhlemaria simulus Longley and Hildebrand Giant kelpfish P Heterostichus rostratus Girard NAMES OF FISHES 43 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Mimic blenny A Labrisomus guppyi (Norman) Downy blenny A Labrisomus kalisherae (Jordan) Spotcheek blenny A Labrisomus nigricinctus Howell Rivero Hairy blenny A Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy and Gaimard) Rosy blenny A Malacodenus macropus (Poey) Saddled blenny A Malacodenus triangulatus Springer Sarcastic fringehead P Neodinus blanchardi Girard Yellowfin fringehead P Neodinus stephensae Hubbs Onespot fringehead P Neodinus uninotatus Hubbs Coral blenny A Paradinus cingulatus (Evermann and Marsh) Banded blenny A Paradinus fasciatus (Steindachner) Horned blenny A Paradinus grandicomis (Rosen) Reef finspot P Paradinus integripinnis (Smith) Marbled blenny A Paradinus marmoratus (Steindachner) Blackfin blenny A Paradinus nigripinnis (Steindachner) Blackbelly blenny A Stathmonotus hemphilli Bean Eelgrass blenny A Stathmonotus stahli (Evermann and Marsh) Blenniidae — combtooth blennies Molly miller A Blennius cristatus Linnaeus Seaweed blenny A Blennius marmoreus Poey Highfin blenny A Blennius nicholsi Tavolga Fringe blenny A Blennius pilicornis Cuvier Striped blenny A Chasmodes bosquianus (Lacepede) Florida blenny A Chasmodes saburrae Jordan and Gilbert Pearl blenny A Entomacrodus textilis (Quoy and Gaimard) Barred blenny A ... Hypleurochilus bermudensis Beebe and Tee- Van Crested blenny A Hypleurochilus geminatus (Wood) Bay blenny P Hypsoblennius gentilis (Girard) Rockpool blenny P Hypsoblennius gilberti (Jordan) Feather blenny A Hypsoblennius hentzi (LeSueur) Freckled blenny A Hypsoblennius ionthas (Jordan and Gilbert) Redlip blenny A Ophioblennius atlanticus (Valenciennes) Anarhichadidae — wolffishes Northern wolffish A Anarhichas denticulatus Ej'0yer Atlantic wolffish A Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus Spotted wolffish A Anarhichas minor Olafsen Bering wolffish P Anarhichas orientalis Pallas Wolf -eel P Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayres Pholidae — gunnels Penpoint gunnel P Apodichthys flavidus Girard Stippled gunnel P Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas) Banded gunnel A Pholis fasciata (Bloch and Schneider) Bering gunnel P Pholis gilli Evermann and Goldsborough Rock gunnel A Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus) Crescent gunnel P Pholis laeta (Cope) Saddleback gunnel P Pholis ornata (Girard) Red gunnel P Pholis schultzi Hubbs Kelp gunnel P Ulvicola sanctaerosae Gilbert and Starks Rockweed gunnel P Xererpes fu^orum (Jordan and Gilbert) 44 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Stichaeidae^ — pricklebacks Y-blenny P ... . Allolumpenus hypochromus Hubbs and Schultz Cockscomb P Anoplarchus purpurescens Gill Monkeyf ace blenny P Cebidichthys violaceus (Girard) Mosshead prickleback P Chirolophus nugator (Jordan and Williams) Decorated blenny P Chirolophus polyactocephalus (Pallas) Wrymouth A Cryptacanthodes maculatus Storer Giant wrymouth P Delolepis gigantea Kittlitz Fourline snakeblenny A-P Eumesogrammus praecisus (Kj0yer) Longsnout blenny P Lumpenella longirostris (Evermann and Goldsborough) Slender eelblenny A-P Lumpenus fabricii (Valenciennes) Snake blenny A Lumpenus lumpretaejormis (Walbaum) Shanny A-P Lumpenus macidatus (Fries) Stout eelblenny A-P Lumpenus medius Reinhardt Pacific snakeblenny P Lumpenus sagitta Wilimovsky Dwarf wrymouth P Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert Ribbon prickleback P Phytichthys chirus (Jordan and Gilbert) Crisscross prickleback P Plagiogrammus hopkinsi Bean Bluebarred prickleback P Pleetohranchus evides Gilbert Whitebarred blenny P Poroclinus rothrocki Bean Arctic shanny A-P Stichaeus punctatus (Fabricius) Radiated shanny A Ulvaria suhhifurcata (Storer) Black prickleback P Xiphister atropurpureus (Kittlitz) Rock blenny P Xiphister mucosus (Girard) Ptilichthyidae — quillfishes Quillfish P Ptilichthys goodei Bean Zoarcidae^ — eelpouts Bigfin eelpout P Aprodon cortezianus Gilbert Snakehead eelpout P Embryx crotalina (Gilbert) Fish doctor A Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius) Wolf eelpout A Lycenchelys verrilli (Goode and Bean) Blackmouth eelpout P Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert Pallid eelpout P Lycodapus mandibularis Gilbert Shortfin eelpout P Lycodes hrevipes Bean Black eelpout P Lycodes diapterus Gilbert Newfoundland eelpout A Lycodes lavalaei Vladykov and Tremblay Wattled eelpout P Lycodes palearis Gilbert Pale eelpout A Lycodes pallidus Collett Arctic eelpout A Lycodes reticulatus Reinhardt Polar eelpout A-P Lycodes turneri Bean Blackbelly eelpout P Lycodopsis pacifica (Collett) Bearded eelpout P Lyconema harhatum Gilbert Ocean pout A ... Macrozoarces americanus (Bloch and Schneider) Scytalinidae — graveldivers Graveldiver P Scytalina cerdale Jordan and Gilbert ' In addition to those listed, at least six species occur in our area only in Bering Sea. Too little is known about these to permit pro- posal of common names at this time. 2 In addition to species listed, there are others that live in deep water off our coasts and some that occur over the continental shelf in northern seas, especially around Alaska. NAMES OF FISHES 45 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Prowfish Zaproridae — prowfishes . P . Zaprora silenus Jordan Brotulidae — brotulas Red brotula P Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres) Bearded brotula A Brotula barbata (Bloch and Schneider) Key brotula A Ogilbia cayorum Evermann and Kendall Ophidiidae — cusk-eels Fawn eusk-eel A Lepophidium cervinum (Goode and Bean) Blackedge cusk-eel A Lepophidium graellsi (Poey) Mottled cusk-eel A Lepophidium jeannae Fowler Bank cusk-eel A Ophidion holbrooki (Putnam) Pencil cusk-eel P Mooneye cusk-eel A Crested cusk-eel A Polka-dot cusk-eel A Basketweave cusk-eel P Spotted cusk-eel P Striped cusk-eel A . Ophidion novaculum Harry Ophidion selenops Robins and Bohlke Ophidion welshi (Nichols and Breder) Otophidium omostigmum (Jordan and Gilbert) Otophidium scrippsae Hubbs Otophidium taylori (Girard) Rissola marginata (DeKay) Pearlfish Carapidae — pearlfishes A Carapus hermudensis (Jones) Stromateidae — butterfishes Black ruff A Longfin cigarfish P Silver-rag A Medusafish P Blackrag P Man-of-war fish A Barrelfish A Pacific pompano P Southern harvestfish A Northern harvestfish A Butterfish A Freckled drif tfish A Silver drif tfish A Spotted drif tfish A Centrolophus niger (Gmelin) Cubiceps gracilis (Lowe) Cubiceps nigriargenteus Ginsburg , Icichthys lockingtoni Jordan and Gilbert Icticus pellv£idus (Liitken) N omens gronowi (Gmelin) ... Palinurichthys perciformis (Mitchill) Palometa simillima (Ayres) Peprilus alepidotus (Linnaeus) Peprilus paru (Linnaeus) Poronotus triacanthus (Peck) Psenes cyanophrys Cuvier Psenes maculatus Liitken Psenes regulus Poey Tetragonuridae — squaretails Bigeye squaretail A Smalleye squaretail P Tetragonurus atlanticus Lowe . . . Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso Ragfish Icosteidae — ragfishes P Icosteus aenigmaticus Lockington Sphyraenidae — barracudas Pacific barracuda P Sphyraena argentea Girard Great barracuda A Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum) Northern sennet A Sphyraena borealis DeKay 46 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Guaguanche A Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier Southern sennet A Sphyraena picudilla Poey Mugilidae — mullets Mountain mullet A-F Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft) Striped mullet^ A-F-P Mugil cephalus Linnaeus White mullet A Mugil curema Valenciennes Redeye mullet A Mugil gaimardiana Desmarest Liza A Mugil liza Valenciennes Fan tail mullet A Mugil trichodon Poey Atherinidae — silversides Reef silverside A Allanetta harringtonensis (Goode) Hardhead silverside A Atherinomorus stipes (Miiller and Troschel) Topsmelt P-F Atherinops affinis (Ayres) Jacksmelt P Atherinopsis calif omiensis Girard Brook silverside F Labidesthes sicculus (Cope) California grunion P Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) Rough silverside A Membras martinica (Valenciennes) Mississippi silverside F Menidia audens Hay Tidewater silverside A-F Menidia beryllina (Cope) Key silverside A Menidia conchorum Hildebrand and Ginsburg Waccamaw silverside F Menidia extensa Hubbs and Raney Atlantic silverside A Menidia menidia (Linnaeus) Polynemidae — threadfins Pacific threadfin P Polydactijlus approximans (Lay and Bennett) Atlantic threadfin A Polydactylus octonemus (Girard) Yellow threadfin P Polydactylus opercularis (Gill) Barbu A Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus) Order Pleuronectiformes (Heterosomata) Bothidae — lefteye flounders Three-eye flounder A Ancylopsetta dilecta (Goode and Bean) Ocellated flounder A Ancylopsetta quadrocellata Gill Peacock flounder A Boihus lunatus (Linnaeus) Eyed flounder A Boihus ocellatus (Agassiz) Pelican flounder A Chascanopsetta lugubris Alcock Gulf Stream flounder A Citharichthys arctifrons Goode Horned whiff A Citharichthys cornutus (Giinther) Spotted whiff A Citharichthys macrops Dresel Pacific sanddab P Citharichthys sordidus (Girard) Bay whiff A Citharichthys spilopterus Giinther Speckled sanddab P Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert Longfin sanddab P Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert Mexican flounder A Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean Spotfin flounder A Cyclopsetta jimhriata (Goode and Bean) Spiny flounder A Engyophrys sentus Ginsburg Fringed flounder A Etropus crossotus Jordan and Gilbert Smallmouth flounder A Etropus microstomus (Gill) ' Known as black mullet in Florida. NAMES OF FISHES 47 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Gray flounder A Etropus rimosus Goode and Bean Shrimp flounder A Gastropsetta frontalis Bean Bigmouth sole P . Hippoglossina stomata Eigenmann and Eigenmann Slim flounder A Monolene antillarum Norman Deepwater flounder A Monolene sessilicauda Goode Gulf flounder A Paralichthys alhigutta Jordan and Gilbert California halibut P Paralichthys calif omicus (Ayres) Summer flounder A Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus) Southern flounder A Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan and Gilbert Fourspot flounder A Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill) Broad flounder A Paralichthys sguamilentus Jordan and Gilbert Windowpane A Scophthalmus aquosus (Mitchill) Shoal flounder A Syacium gunteri Ginsburg Channel flounder A Syacium micrurum Ranzani Dusky flounder A Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus) Sash flounder A Trichopsetta ventralis (Goode and Bean) Fan tail sole P Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert Pleuronectidae — righteye flounders Arrowtooth flounder P Atheresthes stomias (Jordan and Gilbert) Deepsea sole P Emhassichthys hathybius (Gilbert) Petrale sole P Eopsetta jordani (Lockington) Witch flounder A Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus) Rex sole P Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington Flathead sole P Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan and Gilbert American plaice A Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius) Bering flounder P Hippoglossoides robustiis Gill and Townsend Atlantic halibut A Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus) Pacific halibut P Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt Diamond turbot P Hypsopsetta guttulata (Girard) Butter sole P Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington) Rock sole P Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres) Yellowfin sole P Limanda aspera (Pallas) Yellowtail flounder A Limanda ferruginea (Storer) Longhead dab P Limanda proboscidea Gilbert Arctic flounder P Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas) Smooth flounder A Liopsetta putnami (Gill) Slender sole P Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan and Gilbert) Dover sole P Microstomus pacificus (Lockington) English sole P Parophrys vetulus Girard Starry flounder P-F Platichthys stellatus (Pallas) Alaska plaice P Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas C-0 sole P Pleuronichthys coenosus Girard Curlfin sole P Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan and Gilbert Spotted turbot P Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks and Morris Hornyhead turbot P Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan and Gilbert Sand sole P Psettichthys melanostictus Girard Winter flounder A Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum) Greenland halibut A Reirihardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum) Soleidae — soles Lined sole A Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus) Naked sole A Gymnachirus nudus Kaup Scrawled sole A Trinectes inscriptus (Gosse) Hogchoker A Trinectes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider) 48 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Cynoglossidae — tonguefishes California tonguefish P Symphurus atricauda (Jordan and Gilbert) Offshore tonguefish A Symphurus civitatus Ginsburg Spottedfin tonguefish A Symphurus diomedianus (Goode and Bean) Largescale tonguefish A Symphurus minor Ginsburg Pygmy tonguefish A Symphurus parvus Ginsburg Longtail tonguefish A Symphurus pelicanus Ginsburg Deepwater tonguefish A Symphurus piger (Goode and Bean) Blackcheek tonguefish A Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus) Northern tonguefish A Symphurus pusillus (Goode and Bean) Spottail tonguefish A Symphurus urospilus Ginsburg Order Echeneiformes (Discocephali) Echeneidae — remoras Sharksucker A Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus Whitefin sharksucker A Echeneis neucratoides Zuieuw Slender suckerfish A Phtheirichthys Uneatus (Menzies) Whalesucker A-P Remora australis (Bennett) Spearfish remora A-P Remora brachyptera (Lowe) Marlinsucker A-P Remora osieochir (Cuvier) Remora A-P Remora remora (Linnaeus) White suckerfish A-P Remorina albescens (Temminck and Schlegel) Order Gobiesociformes (Xenopterygii) Gobiesocidae — clingfishes Emerald clingfish A Acyrtops beryllinus (Hildebrand and Ginsburg) Northern clingfish P Gobiesox maeandricus (Girard) Bearded clingfish P Gobiesox papillifer Gilbert Stippled clingfish A Gobiesox punctulatus (Poey) California clingfish P Gobiesox rhessodon Smith Skilletfish A Gobiesox strumosus Cope Slender clingfish P Rimicola eigenmanni (Gilbert) Kelp clingfish P Rimicola muscarum (Meek and Hildebrand) Order Tetraodontiformes (Plectognathi) Triacanthodidae — spikefishes Jambeau A Parahollardia lineata (Longley) Balistidae — triggerfishes and filefishes Unicorn filefish A Alutera monoceros (Linnaeus) Orange filefish A Alutera schoepfi (Walbaum) Scrawled filefish A Alutera scripta (Osbeck) Dotterel filefish A Alutera ventralis Longley Gray triggerfish A Batistes capriscus Gmelin Spotted triggerfish A Batistes forcipatus Gmelin Finescale triggerfish P Batistes polylepis Steindachner Queen triggerfish A Batistes vetula Linnaeus Orangespotted filefish A Cantherines pullus (Ranzani) Rough triggerfish A Canthidermis maculatus (Bloch) Ocean triggerfish A Canthidermis sufflamen (Mitchill) Black durgon A Melichthys radula (Solander) NAMES OF FISHES 49 COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Fringed filefish A Monacanthus ciliatus (Mitchill) Planehead filefish A Monacanthis hispidus (Linnaeus) Pygmy filefish A Monacanthus setifer Bennett Slender filefish A Monacanthus tuckeri Bean Redtail triggerfish P Xanthichthys lineopunctatus (Hollard) Sargassum triggerfish A Xanthichthys ringens (Linnaeus) Ostraciidae — trunkfishes Spotted trunkfish A Lactophrys bicaudalis (Linnaeus) Cowfish A Lactophrys quadricornis (Linnaeus) Trunkfish A Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus) Smooth trunkfish A Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus) Spiny trunkfish P Lactoria diaphana (Bloch and Schneider) Tetraodontidae — puffers Sharpnose puffer A Canthigaster rostrata (Bloch) Smooth puffer A Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus) Oceanic puffer P Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus) Jugfish A Lagocephalus pachycephalus (Ranzani) Bullseye puffer P Sphaeroides annulatus ( Jenyns) Marbled puffer A Sphaeroides dorsalis Longley Northern puffer A Sphaeroides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider) Southern puffer A Sphaeroides nephelus (Goode and Bean) Bandtail puffer A Sphaeroides spengleri (Bloch) Checkered puffer A Sphaeroides testudineus (Linnaeus) Diodontidae — porcupinefishes Pacific burrfish P Chilomycterus affinis Giinther Bridled burrfish A Chilomycterus antennatus (Cuvier) Web burrfish A Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan and Rutter Spotted burrfish A Chilomycterus atinga (Linnaeus) Striped burrfish A Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum) Balloonfish A Diodon holacanthus Linnaeus Porcupinefish A-P Diodon hystrix Linnaeus Molidae — molas Sharptail mola A Mola lanceolata Lienard Ocean sunfish A-P Mola mola (Linnaeus) Slender mola P Ranzania laevis (Pennant) Order Batrachoidiformes (Haplodoci) Batrachoididae — toadfishes Gulf toadfish A Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean) Leopard toadfish A Opsanus pardus (Goode and Bean) Oyster toadfish A Opsanus tau (Linnaeus) Slim midshipman P Porichthys myriaster Hubbs and Schultz Northern midshipman P Porichthys notatus Girard Atlantic midshipman A Porichthys porosissimus (Cuvier) Order Lophiiformes (Pediculati) Lophiidae — goosefishes Goosefish A Lophius americanus Valenciennes 50 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMON NAME OCCURRENCE SCIENTIFIC NAME Antennariidae — frogfishes Roughjaw frogfish P Antennarius avalonis Jordan and Starks Longlure frogfish A Antennarius multiocellatus (Valenciennes) Ocellated frogfish A Antennarius ocellatus (Bloch and Schneider) Singlespot frogfish A Antennarius radiosus Garman SpUtlure frogfish A Antennarius scaber (Cuvier) Sargassumfish A Histrio histrio (Linnaeus) OgcocephaUdae — batfishes Spiny batfish A Halieutichthys aculeatus (Mitchill) Tricom batfish A Ogcocephalus mcgintyi Fowler Shortnose batfish A Ogcocephalus nasutus (Valenciennes) Roughback batfish A Ogcocephalus parvus Longley and Hildebrand Polka-dot batfish A Ogcocephalus radiatus (Mitchill) Longnose batfish A Ogcocephalus vespertilio (Linnaeus) Spotted batfish P Zalieutes elater (Jordan and Gilbert) PART II Index to Common Names agujon 20 albacore 35 false — see tuna, little alewife 10 alligatorfish 40 Aleutian 40 Arctic 40 smooth 40 alligatorfishes 40 allmouth — see goosefish amberjack, false — see amberjack, lesser greater 30 lesser 30 Pacific 30 slender — see rudderfish, banded anchoveta anchovies anchovy, bay Cuban deepbody dusky flat key longnose New Jersey northern Pacific — see anchovy, northern silver slim slough striped angelfish, black — see angelfish, French; angelfish, gray blue 32 French 32 gray 32 quee» 32 white — see spadefish, Atlantic angler — see goosefish argentine, Atlantic 12 Pacific 12 argentines 12 B bairdiella 31 balao 20 balloonfish 49 ballyhoo 20 redtail — see ballyhoo barbfish 36 barbier, red 25 barbu 46 barracuda, California — see barracuda, Pacific great 45 northern — see sennet, northern Pacific 45 barracudas 45 barreleye 12 barreleyes 12 barrelfish 45 bass, bank sea 25 bigeye — see salema black^ — see bass, largemouth; bass, smallmouth; bass, spotted; bass, red- eye blackear 25 black sea 25 see also bass, giant sea blue — see blacksmith; croaker, black; opaleye; sargo bull — see bass, kelp calico — see bass, kelp; crappie, black chalk 26 channel — see drum, red Coosa — see bass, redeye crimson 25 giant sea 26 see also skilfish Guadalupe 27 kelp 25 Kentucky — see bass, spotted lantern 25 largemouth 27 longtail 25 orangeback 25 pygmy sea 26 redeye 27 see also bass, rock reef 25 Roanoke 27 rock 27 rock sea 25 roughtongue 25 saddle 25 sand 25 silver — see bass, white smallmouth 27 southern sea 25 speckled — see crappie, black 51 52 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES bass, splittail 25 spotted 27 spotted sand 25 stone — see wreckfish strawberry — see crappie, black streamer 25 striped 26 Suwannee 27 white 26 yellow 26 yellowtail 25 basses, sea 25 batfish, longnose 50 polka-dot 50 roughback 50 shortnose 50 spiny 50 spotted 50 tricorn 50 baysmelt — see topsmelt beadeye — see stonecat beardfish 24 beardfishes 24 beaugregory 33 beauty, rock 32 bergall — see cunner bigeye 26 short 26 bigeyes 26 billfish — see needlefish; saury; gar billfishes 35 bitterling 16 blackback — see flounder, winter blackcod — see sablefish blackfish — see bass, black sea ; tautog Alaska 12 Sacramento 16 blackrag 45 blacksmith 33 blanquillo — see whitefish, ocean blennies, combtooth 43 blenny, banded 43 banner 42 barred 43 see prickleback, bluebarred bay 43 belted — see prickleback, ribbon black — see prickleback, black blackbelly 43 blackfin 43 bracketed — see gunnel, crescent burrowing — see graveldiver checkered 42 coral 43 crested 43 see also cockscomb decorated 44 deep water 42 downy 43 eelgrass 43 feather 43 Florida 43 freckled 43 fringe 43 fucus — see gunnel, rockweed glass 42 hairy 43 highfin 43 horned 43 longsnout 44 marbled 43 mimic 43 monkeyface 44 ornamented — see prickleback, moss- head pearl 43 pen-point — see gunnel, penpoint pirate 42 redeye 42 redlip 43 rock 44 see prickleback, black rockpool 43 rosy 43 roughhead 42 saddled 43 see gunnel, saddleback sailfin 42 seaweed 43 snake 44 spinyhead 42 spotcheek 43 striped 43 whitebarred 44 wrasse 42 blindcat, toothless 19 widemouth 19 blindfish — see cavefish bloater 11 bluefish 29 bluefishes 29 bluegill 27 bluehead 34 boarfish, deepbody 24 shortspine 24 boarfishes 24 bobo — see threadfin, Pacific bocaccio 37 bonefish 10 bonefishes 10 bonehead — see bonito. Pacific bonito, Atlantic 35 California — see bonito. Pacific oceanic — see tuna, skipjack Pacific 35 striped 35 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 53 bonnethead 8 bony fishes 9 bonytail 14 boo hoo — see mackerel, frigate bowfin 10 bowfins 10 boxfish — see trunkfish spiny — see burrfish, striped bream — see pinfish; bluegill Ray's— see pomfret sea 32 brill — see sole, petrale broadbill — see svvordfish brotula, bearded 45 key 45 red 45 brotulas 45 buffalo, bigmouth 17 black 17 gourd-head — see buffalo, bigmouth highback — see buffalo, smallmouth mongrel — see buffalo, black razorback — see buffalo, smallmouth redmouth — see buffalo, bigmouth round — see buffalo, black smallmouth 17 bull, Mexican — see margate, black buUfish — see cabezon bullhead — see also cabezon; sculpin, Pa- cific staghorn black 18 bro\vn 18 flat 18 yellow 18 bumper 29 burbot 22 burrfish, bridled 49 Pacific 49 spotted 49 striped 49 web 49 butterfish 45 see also gunnel, rock butterfishes 45 butterflyfish, banded 32 bank 32 f oureye 32 longsnout 32 reef 32 spotfin 32 butterflyfishes 32 C cabezon 40 see also sculpin. Pacific staghorn cabezone — see sculpin. Pacific staghorn cabio — see cobia cabrilla, spotted 25 candlefish — see eulachon capelin 12 cardinalfish, barred 26 belted 26 bridle 26 bronze 26 dusky 26 freckled 26 pale 26 sawcheek 26 twospot 26 whitestar 26 cardinalfishes 26 carp 13 carps 13 carpsucker, highfin 17 plains 17 river 17 cartilaginous fishes 6 catalufa — see also bigeye popeye 26 catfish, bigmouth — see catfish, gaff topsail black — see bullhead, black blue 18 brown — see bullhead, brown channel 18 flathead 19 forktail — see catfish, white gafftopsail 18 headwater 18 mud — see catfish, flathead Potomac — see catfish, white sea 18 see also v/olffish, Atlantic shovelhead — see catfish, flathead smallmouth — see catfish, sea spoonbill — see paddlefish squaretail — see bullhead, brown white 18 Yaqui 18 yellow — see catfish, flathead catfishes, freshwater 18 sea 18 cavefish, northern 22 Ozark 22 southern 22 spring 22 cavefishes 22 cero 35 chaetodon — see sunfish, blackbanded char, Arctic 12 Great Lakes — see trout, lake speckled — see trout, brook characins 13 charr — see char cherubfish 32 chilipepper 37 chimaeras 9 54 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES chinafish — see filefish, scrawled; rock- fish, china chiro — see ladj^sh chiselmouth 13 chromis, blue 33 brown 33 chub — see also cisco Alabama 14 arroyo 14 Bermuda 32 bigeye 14 blotched 14 blue 13 bluehead 14 Columbia River — see peamouth creek 17 flame 14 flathead 14 gravel 14 highback 14 hornyhead 14 humpback 13 Klamath — see chub, blue lake 14 least 14 leatherside 17 Mohave 17 northern — see chub, lake Oregon 14 peamouth — see peamouth redeye 14 Rio Grande 14 river 14 rosyface 14 sicklefin 14 silver 14 slender 14 Sonora 14 speckled 14 spotfin 14 streamline 14 sturgeon 14 thicklip 14 thicktail 13 Tui 17 Utah 13 Yaqui 14 yellow 32 chubs, sea 32 chubsucker, creek 17 lake 17 sharpfin 17 cichlid, pearl — see perch, Rio Grande velvet 33 cichlids 33 cigarfish — see also scad, round; scad, bigeye longfin 45 CISCO Arctic blackfin Bonneville deepwater least longjaw Nipigon shortjaw shortnose white — see cisco, deepwater clingfish, bearded 48 California 48 common — see clingfish, northern emerald 48 kelp 48 northern 48 slender 48 stippled 48 clingfishes 48 clinids 42 cobbler — see mummichog cobia 29 cobias 29 cockscomb 44 cod, Arctic 22 Atlantic 22 black — see sablefish blue — see cabezon bull — see cabezon channel — see rockfish, channel chili— see chilipepper cultus — see lingcod Greenland 22 northern — see cod, saffron Pacific 22 polar 22 rock — see cod, Atlantic; rockfish saffron 22 codfishes 22 combfish, longspine 38 shortspine 38 combfishes 38 conchfish 26 coney 25 conger, bandtooth 19 Catalina 19 manytooth 19 margintail 19 silver 19 whiptail 19 yellow 19 conny — see inconnu convictfish — see greenling, painted corbina, Cahfornia 31 cornetfish 23 cornetfishes 23 corvina, orangemouth 31 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 55 corvina, shortfin 31 cottonwick 31 cowfish 49 crabeater — see cobia crampfish — see ray, lesser electric crappie, black 27 white 27 creole-fish 25 crestfish 24 crestfishes 24 crevalle, green — see runner, blue jack — see jack, crevalle croaker, Atlantic 31 black 31 blue 31 Catalina 31 china — see croaker, black; sargo golden — see croaker, spotfin king — see croaker, white reef 31 spotfin 31 white 31 yellowfin 31 cubbyn 31 cui-ui 17 cultus. Pacific — see lingcod cunner 34 cusk 22 cusk-eel, bank 45 basketweave 45 blackedge 45 crested 45 fawn 45 mooneye 45 mottled 45 pencil 45 polka-dot 45 spotted 45 striped 45 cusk-eels 45 cutlassfish, Atlantic 34 Pacific 34 cutlassfishes 34 cyprinodon, variegated — see minnow, sheepshead D dab — see also sanddab Atlantic sand — see windowpane longhead 47 mottled sand — see sanddab. Pacific mud — see sole, yellowfin rough — see plaice, American rusty — see flounder, yellowtail dace, blacknose 16 desert 13 finescale 13 horned — see chub, creek leopard 16 longfin 13 longnose 16 Moapa 14 mountain redbelly 13 northern redbelly 13 pearl 17 redside 13 rosyside 13 southern redbelly 13 speckled 16 Umpqua 16 damselfish, bicolor 33 cocoa 33 dusky 33 threespot 33 yellowtail 33 damselfishes 33 darter, Arkansas 27 Arkansas saddled 28 arrow 28 ashy 27 backwater 29 banded 28 barcheek 28 blackbanded 29 blackside 29 blackside snubnose 27 blenny 27 bluebreast 27 blueside 28 bluestripe 29 bluntnose 27 bronze 29 broAvn 28 Carolina 27 channel 29 Coosa 27 crystal 27 Cumberland snubnose 27 cypress 28 dusky 29 eastern sand 27 fantail 28 finescale saddled 28 fountain 28 gilt 29 glassy 28 goldstripe 28 greenbreast 28 greenside 27 greenthroat 28 gulf 28 Harlequin 28 Iowa 28 Johnny 28 Kanawha 28 least 28 56 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES darter, leopard 29 longfin 28 longhead 29 longnose 29 Maryland 28 Missouri saddled 28 mud 27 naked sand 27 Niangua 28 olive 29 orangebelly 28 orangethroat 28 Piedmont 29 pinewoods 28 rainbow 27 redband 28 redfin 28 redline 28 Rio Grande 28 river 29 riverweed 28 rock 28 Saluda 28 Savannah 28 sawcheek 28 scalyhead 27 scaly sand 27 seagreen 28 sharphead 27 sharpnose 29 shield 29 slenderhead 29 slough 28 speckled 28 spottail 28 spotted 28 stargazing 29 stippled 28 stripeback 29 striped 28 stripetail 28 swamp 28 Swannanoa 28 Tennessee snubnose 28 Tippecanoe 28 Tuckasegee 28 turquoise 28 Tuscumbia 28 variegate 28 Waccamaw 28 western sand 27 yellow 29 yoke 28 dealfish 24 devil, red — see wrymouth, dwarf devilfish, little — see ray, devil dick, shppery 33 diver, sand 13 doctor, fish 44 doctorfish 34 dogfish, black 8 chain 7 Cuban 8 freshwater — see bowfin smooth 7 spiny 8 dollarfish — see harvestfish Dolly Varden 12 dolphin 30 pompano 30 dolphins 30 dorado — see dolphin dore — see walleye dories 24 Dory, American John 24 doughbelly — see stoneroUer dragonet, coral 42 lancer 42 spotted 42 dragonets 42 driftfish, freckled 45 silver 45 spotted 45 drum, banded 31 black 31 freshwater 31 red 31 sand 31 sea — see drum, black spotted 31 star 31 striped 31 drums 31 durgon, black 48 E eel, American 19 blotched snake 19 California worm 19 conger 19 Congo — see wrymouth, giant finless 20 goldspotted 20 horsehair 19 key worm 19 lamprey — see lamprey monkeyface — see blenny, monkeyface mustard 20 Pacific snake 20 palespotted 20 ridgefin 19 rock — see gunnel, rock sailfin 19 sand — see lance, sand sharptail 19 shorttail snake 19 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 57 eel, shrimp 20 silver — see cutlassfish slender pike 19 slime — see hagfish snapper 20 sooty 19 speckled worm 20 spiny 20 spotted snake 20 spotted spoon-nose 20 stippled spoon-nose 20 surf 19 thread 19 tiger snake 20 whip 19 yellow snake 20 eelback — see flounder, smooth eelblenny, slender 44 stout 44 eelpout — see also pout, ocean ; burbot Arctic 44 bearded 44 bigfin 44 black 44 blackbelly 44 blackmouth 44 Newfoundland 44 pale 44 pallid 44 pearly — see eelpout, blackmouth polar 44 shortfin 44 snakehead 44 wattled 44 wolf 44 eelpouts 44 eels, conger 19 freshwater 19 mustard 20 snake 19 snipe 19 spiny 20 escolar 34 eulachon 12 F faimsh 17 fatback — see menhaden fathead — see sheephead, California filefish, common — see filefisn, planehead dotterel 48 fringed 49 lettered — see filefish, scrawled longtail — see filefish, scrawled orange 48 orangespotted 48 planehead 49 pygmy ; 49 scrawled 48 slender 49 unicorn 48 filefishes 48 finspot, reef 43 fish, dovetail — see sergeant, night flag, Spanish 25 see also rockfish, flag flagfish 21 flamefish 26 flasher — see tripletail flatfish — see flounder, winter flathead, duckbill 42 goby 42 flatheads 42 flier 27 flounder, Arctic 47 arrowtooth 47 Bering 47 broad 47 broadfin — see sole, rock channel 47 curlfin — see sole, curlfin deep water 47 diamond — see turbot, diamond dusky 47 English — see sole, English eyed 46 fantail — see sole, fantail flathead — see sole, flathead fourspot 47 fringe — see sole, sand fringed 46 Georges Bank — see flounder, winter gray 47 gulf 47 Gulf Stream 46 hornyhead — see turbot, hornyhead lemon — see sole, English longfin-see sole, rex longjaw — see flounder, arrowtooth Mexican 46 ocellated 46 peacock 46 pelican 46 pointed-nose — see sole, English rock — see sole, rock roundnose — see sole, petrale sash 47 sand — see flounder, gulf; sole, sand scalyfin — see sole, butter shoal 47 shrimp 47 slender — see sole, slender slun 47 slime — see sole, Dover slippery — see sole, Dover smallmouth 46 58 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES flounder, smooth 47 southern 47 spiny 46 spotfin 46 starry 47 summer 47 three-eye 46 winter 47 witch 47 yellowtail 47 flounders, lef teye 46 righteye 47 fluke, fourspot — see flounder, fourspot gulf — see flounder, gulf southern — see flounder, southern summer — see flounder, summer flyingfish, Atlantic 20 bandwing 20 blackwing 21 bluntnose 21 California 20 clearwing 20 fourwing 21 margined 20 oceanic two-wing 21 sailfin 21 sharpchin 21 smallwing 21 spotfin 20 tropical two-wing 21 flyingfishes 20 foolfish — see filefish fringehead, onespot 43 sarcastic 43 yellowfin 43 frogfish, longlure 50 ocellated 50 roughjaw 50 singlespot 50 splitlure 50 frostfish — see tomcod, Atlantic; white- fish, round G gag 25 gambusia. Big Bend 22 blotched 22 Clear Creek 22 largespring 22 Pecos 22 gar, alligator 10 Florida 10 longnose 10 saltwater — see needlefish shortnose 10 silver — see needlefish spotted 10 garfish — see needlefish, California garibaldi 33 garpike — see gar gars 10 gaspereau — see alewife gaspergou — see drum, freshwater ghostfish — see wrymouth globefish 41 see also sunfish, ocean goatfish, dwarf 32 Mexican 31 red 31 spotted 32 yellow 31 goatfishes 31 gobies 35 goby, arrow 35 banner 36 bay 36 bearded 35 bUnd 36 bluebanded 36 bluespot 35 bridled 35 cheekspot 36 clown 36 code 36 crested 36 darter 36 emerald 36 finescale — see goby, bay freshwater 36 frUlfin 35 goldspot 36 green 36 halfblind 36 highfin 36 largescale — see goby, bluespot long] aw — see mudsucker, longjaw longtail 36 lyre 36 marked 36 naked 36 neon 35 notchtongue 35 orangespotted 36 paleback 36 river 35 seaboard 36 Seminole 36 shadow 36 sharptail 36 slim 36 smallmouth 36 sponge 36 spottail 36 tidewater 35 tiger 36 twoscale 36 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 59 goby, violet 36 white-eye 35 whiteline 36 zebra 36 goggle-eye — see bass, rock; scad, bigeye goggler— see scad, bigeye goldeye 12 goldfish 13 Catalina — see garibaldi ocean — see garibaldi goody-see spot goosefish 49 goosefishes 49 goujon — see catfish, flathead graveldiver 44 graveldivers 44 grayback — see alewife grayfish — see dogfish grayling, Arctic 12 Montana — see grayling, Arctic graylings 11 graysby 25 greenfish — see opaleye greenling, Alaska— see greenling, masked common — see greenling, whitespotted fringed — see greenling, rock kelp 38 longspine — see combfish, longspine masked 38 painted 38 red-see greenling, rock rock 38 whitespotted 38 greenlings 38 grenadiers 22 grindle — see bowfin grouper, black 25 broomtail 25 gulf 25 marbled 25 misty 25 Nassau 25 red 25 rock — see bocaccio salmon — see bocaccio sicklefin — see grouper, marbled snowy 25 tiger 25 Warsaw 25 yellowedge 25 yellowfin 25 yellowmouth 25 grubby 40 grunion, California 46 grunt, barred 30 black 30 blacktail — see grunt, Caesar bluestriped 31 burro 31 Caesar 30 common — see grunt, white French 31 redmouth-see tomtate smallmouth 30 Spanish 31 white 31 yellow — see grunt, bluestriped ; grunt, French gruntfish — see sculpin, grunt grunts 30 guaguanche 46 guitarfish, Atlantic 8 banded 8 California — see guitarfish, shovelnose mottled — see guitarfish, banded shovelnose 8 guitarfishes 8 gunnel, banded 43 Bering 43 crescent 43 kelp.. 43 penpoint 43 red 43 rock 43 rockweed 43 saddleback 43 stippled 43 gunnels 43 gurnard, flying 41 gurnards, flying 41 H hackleback — see sturgeon, shovelnose haddock 22 hagfish, Atlantic 6 black 6 Pacific 6 hagfishes 6 hake, Carolina 22 gulf 22 longfin 22 mud — see hake, white Pacific 22 silver 22 southern 22 spotted 22 squirrel 22 white 22 hakes 22 halfbeak 20 California 20 flying 20 hardhead 20 longfin 20 ribbon 20 half beaks 20 60 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES halfmoon 32 halfmoons 32 halibut, arrowtooth — see flounder, arrow- tooth Atlantic 47 California 47 Greenland 47 northern — see halibut, Pacific Pacific 47 hamlet, butter 25 mutton 25 see also grouper, marbled; grouper, Nassau hammerhead, great 7 scalloped 7 smooth 8 handsawfish — see lancetfish. Pacific hardhead 14 see also croaker, Atlantic hardtail — see runner, blue harvestfish, northern 45 southern 45 headfish— see sunfish, ocean; mola, sharp- tail herring — see also queenfish Atlantic 10 Atlantic round 10 Atlantic thread 10 bigeye — see ladyfish blueback 10 branch — see alewife California round 10 dwarf 10 flatiron 10 glut — see herring, blueback Japanese — see herring, round lake 11 see also cisco, least moon — see mooneye Pacific 10 Pacific thread 10 sea — see herring, Atlantic skipjack 10 summer — see herring, blueback herrings 10 highbrow — see prowfish hind, brown — see graysby red 25 rock 25 speckled 25 hitch 14 hogchoker 47 hogfish 34 see also pigfish red 33 Spanish 33 spotfin 33 hogmoUy — see sucker, hog hornpout — see bullhead horse-mackerel — see mackerel, jack houndfish 20 idiot — see rockfish, channel inconnu 12 jack, almaco 30 bar 29 black 29 bluntnose 30 common — see jack, crevalle cottonmouth 30 crevalle 29 green 29 horse-eye 29 Spanish — see runner, rainbow yellow 29 jackfish— see pike, northern jackknife-fish 31 jack-ma-riddle — see ladyfish jacks 29 jacksmelt 46 jambeau 48 jawfish, banded 41 dusky 42 longtail 41 mottled 41 Pensacola 42 spotfin 41 swordtail 41 yellowhead 41 jawiishes 41 jawless fishes 6 jenny, silver 30 jewfish 25 see also sea bass, giant black — see grouper, Warsaw spotted — see jewfish Joe Brown — see lizardfish John Dory, American 24 Johnny, tidepool — see sculpin, tidepool jugfish 49 jumprock, bigeye 17 black 18 greater 18 striped 18 K kelpfish— see also greenling, kelp crevice 42 giant 42 island 42 scarlet 42 spotted 42 striped 42 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 61 killifish, Ash Meadows banded bass — see killifish, striped bayou bluefin California common — see mummichog diamond goldspotted gulf least longnose marsh Pacific — see killifish, California Pahrump plains pygmy Railroad Valley rainwater Rio Grande Seminole speckled spotfin striped Waccamaw White River killifishes king, silver — see louvar; tarpon kingfish — see also croaker, white; mack- erel, king gulf northern southern king-of-the-salmon king-whiting — see kingfish kiver — see pumpkinseed kiyi kokanee see also salmon, sockeye L ladyfish Lafayette — see spot lamprey, Allegheny brook American brook Arctic chestnut least brook mountain brook northern brook Ohio Pacific river sea silver southern brook threetoothed — see lamprey. Pacific western brook 21 lampreys 6 21 lance, American sand 41 northern sand 41 21 Pacific sand 41 22 lances, sand 41 21 lancetfish, longnose 13 Pacific 13 21 lancetfishes 13 21 lanternfishes 13 21 launce — see lance, sand 22 lawyer — see burbot 21 leatherfish — see filefish 21 leatherjacket 30 lemonfish — see cobia 21 ling — see burbot; hake 21 lingcod 38 22 lionfish 36 21 liparid, continuous-finned — see snailfish, 22 showy 21 Juan de Fuca — see snailfish, slipskin 21 prickly — see snailfish, prickly 21 ring-tailed — see snailfish, ringtail 21 shore — see snailfish, tidepool 21 tadpole — see snailfish, tadpole 21 livebearers 22 21 liza 46 21 lizardfish, California 13 inshore 13 largescale 13 offshore 13 31 red 13 31 shortjaw 13 31 smallscale 13 24 lizardfishes 13 loaches 18 loche — see burbot 1 1 logperch 29 1 1 logperch, Roanoke 29 lookdown 30 lord, brown Irish 39 red Irish 39 10 yellow Irish — see lord, brown Irish louvar 35 6 louvars 35 6 lumpfish 41 6 lumpfishes 41 6 lumpsucker — see also lumpfish 6 Arctic 41 6 Atlantic spiny 41 6 leatherfin 41 6 Newfoundland spiny 41 6 Pacific spiny 41 6 smooth 41 t M 6 machete 10 mackerel, American — see mackerel, 6 Pacific 62 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES mackerel, Atka 38 Atlantic 35 blue — see mackerel, Pacific bull's eye — see mackerel, chub chub 35 Florida — see cero frigate 34 green — see mackerel. Pacific horse — see mackerel, jack; tuna, bluefin jack 30 king 35 see also cero Monterey Spanish 35 Pacific 35 painted — see cero snake 34 snap — see bluefish Spanish 35 see also mackerel, jack thimble-eye — see mackerel, chub striped — see mackerel. Pacific mackerels 34 snake 34 mackinaw — see trout, lake mademoiselle — see perch, silver madtom, black 18 brindled 19 Carolina 18 freckled 19 least 19 margined 19 mountain 18 orangefin 18 slender 18 speckled 19 tadpole 18 major, sergeant 33 mako 7 maneater — see shark, white man-of-war fish 45 manta, Atlantic 9 Pacific 9 mantas 9 margate 30 black 30 maria — see burbot marlin, barred — see marlin, striped black 35 blue 35 striped 35 white 35 marlin-spike 22 marlinsucker 48 maskinonge 12 mayfish — see killifish, striped medusafish 45 menhaden, Atlantic 10 finescale 10 gulf — see menhaden, largescale largescale 10 midshipman, Atlantic 49 northern 49 slim 49 miller's thumb — see sculpin, mottled minkfish 31 minnow, bluntnose 16 brassy 14 bullhead 16 cutfips 13 cypress 14 desert — see pupfish, desert Devils River 13 fathead 16 Kanawha 16 Lake Eustis 21 loach 17 Ozark 13 pugnose 16 redfin — see shiner, redfin riffle 16 roundnose 13 sheepshead 21 silverjaw 13 silvery 14 slim 16 spottail — see shiner, spottail stargazing 16 suckermouth 16 tallowmouth — see stoneroUer tonguetied 16 variegated — see minnow, sheepshead minnows 13 mobula, smoothtail 9 spinetail 9 mojarra, bigeye 30 flagfin 30 mottled 30 slender 30 spotfin 30 striped 30 yellowfin 30 mojarras 30 mola — see also sunfish, ocean sharptail 49 slender 49 molas 49 molly, Amazon 22 sailfin 22 Molly Miller 43 monkfish — see goosefish mooneye 12 mooneyes 12 moonfish — see also opah Atlantic 30 Pacific 30 moray, blackedge 19 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 63 moray, California 19 chain 19 goldentail 19 green 19 purplemouth 19 pygmy 19 reticulate 19 speckled — see moray, spotted spotted 19 viper 19 morays 19 mosquitofish 22 mossbunker — see menhaden, Atlantic mousefish — see sargassumfish muddler— see sculpin mudfish — see bo\vfin; mummichog; killi- fish, striped; molly, sailfin mudminnow, central 12 eastern 12 Olympic 12 mudminnows 12 mudsucker, longjaw 36 mullet, black 46 blueback — see liza common — see mullet, striped fantail 46 grey — see mullet, striped king — see goatfish, yellow mountain 46 redeye 46 silver — see mullet, white striped 46 white 46 mullets 46 mummichog 21 muskellunge 12 muttonfish — see pout, ocean N needlefish, Atlantic 20 California 20 flat 20 Pacific — see needlefish, California redfin 20 needlefishes 20 nibblers 32 niggerfish — see coney night sergeant 33 numbfish — see ray, lesser Atlantic O oarfish 24 oarfishes 24 oilfish 34 opah 23 opahs 23 opaleye 32 ouananiche 11 oysterfish — see toadfish, oyster P paddlefish 9 paddlefishes 9 palometa 30 parrotfish, blue 34 bluelip 34 bucktooth 34 red — see parrotfish, stoplight emerald 34 green — see parrotfish, stoplight purple 34 queen 34 rainbow 34 redband 34 redfin 34 redtail 34 spotfin 34 stoplight 34 striped 34 parrotfishes 34 peamouth 14 pearleye, northern 13 pearleyes 13 pearlfish 45 pearlfishes 45 perch — see also seaperch ; surfperch bay — see perch, black black 33 see also blacksmith; opaleye blue — see blacksmith; perch, black blue-eye — see opaleye button — see opaleye Catalina — see blacksmith; opaleye dwarf 33 dwarf sand 25 green — see opaleye; perch, yellow kelp 33 ocean 37 Pacific Ocean 37 pile 33 pirate 24 reef 33 Rio Grande 33 Sacramento 27 sand 25 shiner 33 silver 31 splittail — see seaperch, white stump — see sunfish, spotted tule 33 viviparous — see perch, tule white 25 see also perch, silver; drum, freshwater yellow 29 zebra 32 64 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES perches 27 perches, pirate 24 permit 30 peto — see wahoo pickerel — see also pike, northern ; walleye blue— see pike, blue bulldog — see pickerel, redfin chain 12 eastern — see pickerel, chain grass 12 mud — see pickerel, grass redfin 12 yellow — see walleye pigfish 31 pike, blue 29 northern 12 Oregon — see squawfish, northern Sacramento — see squawfish, Sacra- mento sand — see sauger pikeblenny, bluethroat 42 orangethroat 42 pikeperch, blue — see pike, blue pikeperch, yellow — see walleye pikes 12 pilchard — see also sardine. Pacific false 10 redear — see sardine, redear pilot, cockeye — see beaugregory; ser- geant major pilotfish 30 pinfish 32 longspine — see porgy, longspine spottail 32 pipefish, banded 23 barred 23 bay 23 bull 23 chain 23 crested 23 dusky 23 fringed 23 gulf 23 insular 23 kelp 23 northern 23 opossum 23 pugnose 23 sargassum 23 shortfin 23 snubnose 23 smvelhead 23 whitenose 23 pipefishes 23 plaice, Alaska 47 American 47 Canadian — see plaice, American poacher, Atlantic 40 beardless 40 Bering 40 bigeye 40 blackfin 40 blacktip 40 bluespotted 41 cutfin 41 fourhorn 40 longnose 40 northern spearnose 40 pricklebreast 40 pygmy 40 saw^back 40 southern spearnose 40 stripefin 41 sturgeon 40 tubenose 40 warty 40 poachers 40 poggie — see perch, shiner pogy — see surfperch, redtail; men- haden, Atlantic pollack — see pollock pollock 22 walleye 22 pollyfish — see parrotfish pomf ret 30 bigscale 30 pomf rets 30 pompano 30 African 29 California — see pompano. Pacific common — see pompano gafftopsail 30 see also palometa great — see permit Irish 30 Pacific 45 paloma 30 round — see permit pompanos 29 pompon — see margate, black porbeagle 7 porcupinefish 49 porcupinefishes 49 porgies 32 porgy— see also scup; surfperch, redtail grass 32 jolthead 32 littlehead 32 littlemouth — see porgy, sheepshead longspine 32 Pacific 32 red 32 saucereye 32 shad — see porgy, grass sheepshead 32 silver 32 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 65 porgy, whitebone 32 porkfish 30 pout, ocean 44 prickleback, black 44 bluebarred 44 crisscross 44 mosshead 44 ribbon 44 pricklebacks 44 priestfish — see rockfish, blue prowfish 45 prow'fishes 45 puddingwife 34 puffer, bandtail 49 buUseye 49 checkered 49 marbled 49 northern 49 oceanic 49 sharpnose 49 smooth 49 southern 49 puffers 49 pug — see parrotfish, rainbow pumpkinseed 27 pupfish, Comanche Springs 21 desert 21 Devils Hole 21 Leon Springs 21 Nevada 21 Owens River 21 Red River 21 Salt Creek 21 sea — see minnow, sheepshead Q queenfish 31 quillback 17 quillfish 44 quillfishes 44 R rabbitfish — see puffer, smooth; burrfish rabirubia— see snapper, yellowtail ragfish 45 ragfishes 45 rasher — see rockfish, vermilion ratfish 9 rat-tails 22 raven, sea 39 ray, bat — see stingray, bat buUnose 9 California butterfly 9 cownose 9 devil 9 see also manta, Atlantic giant butterfly — see ray, spiny butterfly lesser butterfly — see ray, smooth butterfly lesser electric 8 Pacific electric 8 round sting — see stingray, yellow smooth butterfly 9 southern eagle 9 spiny butterfly 9 spotted eagle 9 whip — see ray, buUnose rays, eagle 9 electric 8 razorfish, green 34 34 34 -see redhorse, northern pearly ros}^ redeye — see bass, rock redfish 37 see also drum, red; sheephead, California little — see salmon, sockeye redhorse, black blacktail .... Carolina .... copper. eastern golden . gray greater Lahontan . . . Neuse northern .... river shorthead . . . silver smallfin suckermouth V-lip reef-fish, gray 33 yellowliail 33 remora 48 spearfish 48 remoras 48 ribbonfish — see cutlassfish, Atlantic ; jackknife-fish California — see king-of-the-salmon polka-dot 24 scalloped 24 ribbonfishes 24 rig, sloop— see catfish, gafftopsail rivercarp, bluntnose — see carpsucker, highfin rivulus 22 roach — see also chub ; bluegill California 14 robin, flying — see gurnard, flying rock-eel — see blenny, rock 66 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES rockfish — see also bass, striped Alaskan red — see rockfish, black- throat aurora 37 banded — see rockfish, tiger bigeye — see rockfish, sharpchin black 37 see also grouper, black; rockfish, blue black-and-yellow 37 blackbanded — see rockfish, tiger blackgill 37 blackmouth 37 blackthroat 37 blue 37 bronzespotted 37 brown 37 see also rockfish, calico calico 37 canary 37 China 37 copper 37 coral-red 37 cow 37 dusky 37 fantail — see rockfish, canary flag 37 gopher 37 grass 37 greenspotted 37 greenstriped 37 half banded 38 honeycomb 38 kelp 37 lobejaw — see rockfish, splitnose longjaw — see perch, Pacific Ocean longspine channel 38 northern 37 olive 38 oliveback^see rockfish, stripetail orange — see rockfish, canary orange-red — see rockfish, rosethorn orangespotted — see rockfish, quill- back pink 37 Puget Sound 37 pygmy 38 quillback 37 rasphead 37 redstripe 37 rosethorn 37 rosy 37 sharpchin 38 shortbelly 37 shortspine channel 38 silvergray 37 slender — see rockfish, pygmy speckled 37 see also rockfish, quillback spinycheeked — see rockfish, shortspine channel splitnose 37 squarespot 37 starry 37 stripetail 37 swordspine 37 tiger 37 turkey red — see rockfish, rasphead velvet — see gag vermilion 37 whitebelly 38 widow 37 yellowbacked — see rockfish, copper yellowstripe — see rockfish, China yellowtail 37 rockfishes 36 rockhead 40 rockling, fourbeard 22 roller, sand 24 ronco — see sailors choice ronquil, Alaskan 42 northern 42 rough 42 smooth 42 ronquils 42 roosterfish 30 rooter — see buffalo, black rosefish — see also redfish blackbelly 36 rudd 17 rudderfish — see also chub, Bermuda banded 30 black — see barrelfish brown — see medusafish ruff, black 45 run, tailor — see bluefish runner, blue 29 hardtail — see runner, blue rainbow 30 S sablefish 38 sablefishes 38 sailfish, Atlantic 35 Florida — see sailfish, Atlantic Pacific 35 sailorfish — see sculpin, sailfin sailors choice 31 see also pinfish salema 31 see also pinfish, spottail salmon, Atlantic 11 black — see cobia blueback — see salmon, sockeye Chinook 11 chum 11 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 67 salmon, coho 11 dog — see salmon, chum fall — see salmon, chum humpback — see salmon, pink jack — see walleye king — see salmon, chinook lake Atlantic 11 landlocked 11 see also salmon, Atlantic medium red — see salmon, coho pink 11 quinnat— see salmon, chinook red — see salmon, sockeye Sebago 11 see also salmon, Atlantic silver — see salmon, coho sockeye 11 spring — see salmon, chinook tyee — see salmon, chinook sanddab, longfin 46 mottled — see sanddab. Pacific Pacific 46 speckled 46 sandfish — see also tilefish, sand belted 26 Pacific 41 sailfin 41 sandfishes 41 sand lance — see lance sardine, California — see sardine, Pacific Pacific " 10 redear 10 scaled 10 Spanish 10 sargassumfish 50 sargo 30 sauger 29 saurel — see mackerel, jack sauries 20 saury, Atlantic 20 Pacific 20 sawfish, largetooth 8 smalltooth 8 sawfishes 8 scabbardfish 34 scad, bigeye 30 goggle-eye — see scad, bigeye mackerel 29 Mexican 29 rough 30 round 29 scads 29 scamp 25 schoolmaster 26 scooter — see barracuda. Pacific scorpionfish, California 37 finescale 37 goosehead 36 highfin 36 hunchback 36 longfin 36 longsnout 36 mushroom 37 red 36 reef 37 scalyhead 36 smoothhead 36 spinycheek 36 spotted 37 scorpionfishes 36 Scotchman — see lingcod scrod — see cod, Atlantic; haddock sculpin^ — see also scorpionfish, California Aleutian — see sculpin, coastrange Arctic 40 Arctic staghorn 39 bald 39 banded 39 blackfin 40 bonehead 39 buffalo 39 bull 39 calico 39 California — see scorpionfish, Cali- fornia cirrated — see sculpin, fluffy coastrange 39 Columbia 39 coraUine 38 crested 39 daddy — see sculpin, shorthorn darter 40 see also sculpin, slim deepwater — see sculpin, fourhorn dusky 39 eagle 39 filamented — see sculpin, threadfin fluffy 40 fourhorn 40 fringed 39 frogmouth 39 giant marbled — see cabezon globe-headed — see sculpin, mosshead great 40 grunt 40 hookear 38 Klamath Lake 39 lavender 40 lesser filamented — see sculpin, spotfin longfin 39 longhorn 40 long-rayed — see sculpin, threadfin mailed 40 Malheur 39 manacled 40 marbled 39 68 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES sculpin, marbled — see also cabezon margined , 39 mosshead 39 mossy — see sculpin, calico mottled 39 northern 39 Pacific staghorn 40 padded 39 see also sculpin, bonehead pit-head 39 Piute 39 plumose — see sculpin, scalyhead prickly 39 Puget Sound 40 reticulate 39 ribbed 40 riffle 39 rosy 40 rosyUp 39 rough 39 roughback 39 roughcheek 39 roughspine 40 round-headed — see sculpin, mosshead roundnose — see sculpin, smoothhead saddleback 40 sailfin 40 scalyhead 39 sharpnose 39 shorthorn 40 Shoshone 39 silverspotted 39 slender 39 slim 40 shmy 39 smooth — see sculpin, Pacific staghorn smoothgum 40 smoothhead 39 snubnose 40 soft 39 spatulate 39 spinyhead 39 spinynose 39 spoonhead 39 spotfin 39 spurcheek 39 tadpole 40 thornback 40 threadfin 39 tidepool 40 torrent 39 twohorn 39 Wood River 39 wooly 39 see also sculpin, spinyhead yellowchin 39 sculpins 38 scup 32 seabass, black — see bass, giant sea white 31 seahorse, dwarf 23 offshore 23 northern — see seahorse, spotted Pacific 23 spotted 23 seahorses 23 sea mink — see minkfish seaperch, barred — see surf perch, barred black— see perch, black blue — see seaperch, striped brown — see perch, kelp dusky — see perch, pile forktail— see perch, pile island 33 pink 33 rainbow 33 rubberlip 33 sharpnose 33 shiner — see perch, shiner silver — see perch, pile striped 33 walleye — see surfperch, walleye white 33 yellowfin — see perch, pile sea-poacher, deep-pitted — see rockhead window-tailed — see poacher, northern spearnose searcher 42 searobin, armored 38 bandtail 38 barred 38 bighead 38 blackfin 38 blackwing 38 bluespotted 38 common — see searobin, northern horned 38 leopard 38 lumptail 38 Mexican 38 northern 38 redwing — see searobin, striped shortfin 38 shortwing 38 sicklefin 38 slenderhead 38 spiny 38 streamer 38 striped 38 searobins 38 seasnail 41 gelatinous 41 Greenland 41 striped 41 seatrout, bastard — see seatrout, silver gray — see weakfish INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 69 seatrout, greeiiling — see greenling, kelp sand 31 silver 31 spotted 31 white — see seatrout, sand sennet, northern 45 southern 46 senorita 34 sergeant major 33 sergeant, night 33 rock — see sergeant, night sergeantfish — see cobia seven-eleven — see perch, shiner shad, Alabama 10 American 10 gizzard 10 golden — see herring, skipjack hickory 10 see also shad, gizzard Ohio 10 threadfin 10 white — see shad, American yellowfin 10 shanny 44 Arctic 44 radiated 44 shark, Atlantic angel 8 Atlantic sharpnose 7 basking 7 bay 7 bignose 7 blackfin — see shark, blacktip blacknose 7 blacktip 7 blue 7 see also shark, bonito bonito 7 bonnetnose — see bonnethead bramble 8 brown — see shark, sandbar brown cat 7 bull 7 bullhead — see shark, horn cat — see shark, leopard; shark, nurse cow — see shark, sixgill cub — see shark, bull dusky 7 false cat 7 filetail cat 7 finetooth 7 fox-see shark, thresher frm 6 great blue — see shark, blue great white — see shark, white Greenland 8 hammerhead — see hammerhead horn 6 kitefin 8 lemon 7 leopard 7 see also shark, tiger mackerel — see mako; shark, salmon maneater — see shark, white mud— see shark, sixgill narrowtooth 7 night 7 nurse 7 see also shark, Greenland Pacific angel 8 Pacific sharpnose 7 Pacific sleeper 8 pilot — see rudderfish, banded rabbit — see raffish ridgeback — see shark, sickle roundnose 7 salmon 7 sand 6 sandbar 7 sevengill 6 shovelnose — see bonnethead ; guitar- fish, shovelnose sickle 7 silky 7 sixgill 6 sleeper — see shark, Greenland smalltail 7 smooth-tooth — see shark, finetooth soupfin 7 spinner 7 spotfin — see shark, blacktip spotted cow — see shark, sevengill swell 7 swiveltail — see shark, thresher thresher 6 tiger 7 whale 7 white 7 whitetip 7 sharks, angel 8 cat 7 cow 6 dogfish 8 frill 6 hammerhead 7 horn 6 mackerel 6 nurse 7 requiem 7 sand 6 whale 7 sharksucker 48 whitefin 48 sheefish — see inconnu sheephead, California 34 sheepshead 32 shellcracker — see sunfish, redear 70 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES shellfish— see trunkfish shiner, Alabama 15 Altamaha 16 Arkansas River 15 bandfin 16 bigeye 15 bigmouth 15 blackchin 15 blacknose 15 blackspot 15 blacktail 16 bleeding 16 blue 15 bluenose 16 bluestripe 15 bluntface 15 bluntnose 16 Brazos 15 bridle 15 broadstripe 15 burrhead 14 cherryfin 16 Chihuahua 15 chub 16 coastal 16 colorless 15 comely 14 common 15 Coosa 16 crescent 15 dusky 15 emerald 14 fieryblack 16 flagfin 16 ghost 15 golden 14 greenfin 15 greenhead 15 highfin 14 highscale 15 ironcolor 15 Kiamichi 15 lake — see shiner, emerald longnose 15 mimic 16 mirror 16 mountain 15 New River 16 Ocmulgee 15 Ohoopee 15 Ozark 15 pallid 14 pinewoods 15 plains 15 plateau 15 popeye 14 pretty 15 Proserpine 16 pugnose 14 rainbow 15 red 15 redfin 16 redlip 15 Red River 15 redside 17 ribbon 15 Rio Grande 15 river 15 rosefin 14 rosyface 16 rough 15 Sabine 16 saffron 16 sailfin 15 sand 16 sandbar 16 satinfin 14 sharpnose 15 silver 16 silverband 15 silverstripe 16 smalleye 15 spotfin 16 spottail 15 stargazing 16 steelcolor 16 swallowtail 16 taillight 15 Tamaulipas 15 Tennessee 15 Texas 14 Topeka 16 tricolor 16 warpaint 15 wedgespot 15 weed 16 white 14 whitefin 15 whitemouth 14 whitetail 15 yellow — see perch, shiner yellowfin 15 silverfish — see tarpon silver-rag 45 silverside, Atlantic 46 brook 46 hardhead 46 key 46 Mississippi 46 reef 46 rough 46 tidewater 46 Waccamaw 46 silversides 46 silverspot — see sculpin, silverspotted singingfish — see midshipman INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 71 skate, Alaska 8 Aleutian 8 barndoor 8 Bering 8 big 8 black 8 briar — see skate, clearnose California 8 clearnose 8 common— see skate, little flathead 8 freckled 8 little 8 longnose 8 ocellate 8 Pacific prickly — see skate, starry prickly — see skate, starry; skate, thorny rosette 8 roughtail 9 roundel 9 sandpaper — see skate, black smooth 8 spinytail 9 spotted— see skate, winter spreadfin 8 starry 9 thorny 8 winter 8 skates 8 skilfish 38 skilletfish 48 skipjack — see also herring, skipjack; tuna, skipjack; saury, Atlantic; silverside, brook; bluefish black 34 wavyback 34 skipper — see saury, Pacific sleeper, bigmouth 35 blue 35 emerald 35 fat 35 masked 35 spinycheek 35 spotted 35 sleepers 35 smelt, American 12 Arctic 12 freshwater — see smelt, pond longfin 12 night 12 pond 12 Sacramento 12 silver — see smelt, surf surf 12 whitebait 12 smelts 12 deepsea 12 smoothhound, brown 7 Florida 7 gray 7 sicklefin 7 smoothtongue, Cahfornia 12 snailfish, Bering 41 lobefin 41 longfin 41 marbled 41 polka-dot 41 prickly 41 ribbon 41 ringtail 41 showy 41 slimy. 41 slipskin 41 spotted 41 tadpole 41 tidepool 41 snailfishes 41 snakeblenny, fourline 44 Pacific 44 snakefish 13 snapper — see also bluefish black 26 blackfin 26 blue — see bluefish Caribbean red 26 Cuban — see snapper, cubera cubera 26 dog 26 glasseye 26 gray 26 gunmouth— see snapper, blackfin hog — see hogfish lane 26 mahogany 26 mangrove — see snapper, gray mutton 26 queen 26 red 26 see also rockfish, rasphead silk 26 spot — see snapper, lane vermilion 26 yellowtail 26 snappers 26 snipefish, longspine 23 slender 23 snipefishes 23 snook 25 Cuban — see snook, tarpon little 24 swordspine 24 tarpon 25 snooks 24 soapfish 25 freckled 26 72 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES soapfish, spotted 26 soldierfish, bigeye 24 blackbar 24 cardinal 24 soldierfishes 24 sole, American — see hogchoker arrow'tooth— see flounder, arrowtooth Bellingham — see sole, butter bigmouth 47 broadfin — see sole, rock butter 47 C-0 47 curlfin 47 deepsea 47 Dover 47 English 47 see also sole, petrale f antail 47 flathead 47 fringe — see sole, sand gray — see flounder, winter; flounder, witch lemon — see flounder, winter; sole, English lined 47 naked 47 petrale 47 pointednose — see sole, English rex 47 rock 47 rough — see plaice, American; sole, slender roundnose — see sole, petrale sand 47 scalyfin — see sole, butter scrawled 47 slender 47 slippery — see sole, Dover yellowfin 47 soles 47 sourbelly — see saury, Pacific sourfish — see saury, Pacific spadefish, Atlantic 32 Pacific 32 spadefishes 32 spearfish, longbill 35 shortbill 35 spikedace 14 spikefishes 48 spinedace, Little Colorado 14 splittail 16 spoonbill — see paddlefish spot 31 sciuaretail, bigeye 45 smalleye 45 squaretails 45 squawfish, Colorado 16 Columbia — see squawfish, northern common — see squawfish, northern northern 16 Oregon — see squawfish, northern Sacramento 16 Umpqua 16 squeteague, gray — see weakfish sand — see seatrout, sand silver— see seatrout, silver spotted — see seatrout, spotted squirrelfish 24 deep water 24 dusky 24 longjaw 24 longspine 24 reef 24 squirrelfishes 24 stargazer, arrow 42 freckled 42 lancer 42 northern 42 saddle 42 sand 42 smooth 42 southern 42 stargazers 42 sand 42 starsnout, gray 40 spinycheek 40 stickleback, brook 23 common — see stickleback, threespine f ourspine 23 ninespine 23 threespine 23 twospine 23 sticklebacks 23 stingaree — see stingray stingray, Atlantic 9 bat 9 bluntnose 9 diamond 9 pelagic 9 roughtail 9 round 9 southern 9 yellow 9 stingrays 9 stonecat 18 stoneroller 13 see also sucker, hog Mexican 13 streaker — see bass, yellow studfish, northern 21 southern 21 stumpknocker— see sunfish, spotted sturgeon, Atlantic 9 common — see sturgeon, Atlantic green 9 lake 9 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 73 sturgeon, Pacific — see sturgeon, white pallid 9 river — see sturgeon, shovelnose shortnose 9 shovelnose 9 white 9 sturgeons 9 sucker, Alabama hog 17 black — see sucker, northern hog blackfin 17 blue 17 bluehead 18 bridgelip 17 coarsescale — see sucker, largescale Columbia finescale — see sucker, bridgelip Columbia largescale — see sucker, large- scale Columbia smallscale — see sucker, bridgelip common — see sucker, white finescale — see sucker, longnose flannelmouth 17 Gila 18 green 18 harelip 17 highfin — see carpsucker, highfin humpback 18 •Aine 17 Klamath largescale 17 Klamath smallscale 17 Lahontan 18 largescale 17 longnose 17 Lost River 17 Missouri — see sucker, blue Modoc 17 mountain 18 northern — see sucker, longnose northern hog 17 razorback — see sucker, humpback Rio Grande 18 river — see redhorse, northern Roanoke hog 17 rustyside 18 Sacramento 17 Santa Ana 18 shortnose 17 Sonora 17 spearfish — see marlinsucker spotted 17 sturgeon — see sucker, longnose sweet — see chubsucker Tahoe 17 torrent 18 Utah 17 Warner 17 webug 17 western — see sucker, Sacramento white 17 White River is suckerfish — see also remora slender 43 white 48 suckers 17 sunfish, banded 27 banded pygmy 27 bantam 27 blackbanded 27 bluespotted 27 common — see pumpkinseed dollar 27 Everglades pygmy 27 green 27 longear 27 mud 27 ocean 49 Okefenokee pygmy 27 orangespotted 27 peacock — see flier red — see sunfish, spotted redbreast 27 redear 27 round — see flier sharptail ocean — see mola, sharptail spotted 27 yellowbelly — see sunfish, redbreast sunfishes 27 surffish — see corbina, California; croaker, yellowfin surfperch, barred 33 calico 33 redtail 33 silver 33 spotfin 33 walleye 33 surfperches 33 surgeon, ocean 34 surgeonfish, gulf 34 surgeonfishes 34 swampfish 22 sweeper, glassy 32 sweepers 32 swellfish — see puffer swiveltail — see shark, thresher swordfish 35 broadbill — see swordfish swordfishes 35 T tai — see porgy, Pacific tambor — see rockfish, rasphead tang, blue 34 ocean — see surgeon, ocean tarpon 10 tarpons 10 74 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES tattler 25 tautog 34 taylor — see bluefish tench 17 tenpounder — see ladyfish; machete tetra, Mexican 13 tetras 13 thornback 8 thornhead — see rockfish, channel threadfin, Atlantic 46 Pacific 46 yellow 46 threadfins 46 threadfish — see pompano, African thresher, bigeye 6 tiger, sand — see shark, sand tilefish 29 blackline 29 sand 29 tilefishes 29 timucu 20 toadfish, gulf 49 leopard 49 oyster 49 toadfishes 49 tobacco box — see skate, little togue — see trout, lake tolly, ocean — see durgon, black tomcod — see also hake, southern Atlantic 22 Pacific 22 tomtate 30 tonguefish, blackcheek 48 California 48 deepwater 48 largescale 48 longtail 48 northern 48 offshore 48 pygmy 48 spottail 48 spottedfin 48 tonguefishes 48 topminnow — see also mosquitofish banded 21 blackspotted 21 blackstripe 21 Gila 22 golden 21 plains 21 saltmarsh 21 starhead 21 whiteline 21 topsmelt 46 torpedo, Atlantic 8 Pacific — see ray, Pacific electric treefish 38 triggerfish, common — see triggerfish, gray finescale 48 gray 48 ocean 48 queen 48 redtail 49 rough 48 sargassum 49 spotted 48 triggerfishes 48 tripletail 26 tripletails 26 trout, bastard — see seatrout, silver blackspotted — see trout, cutthroat blueback 12 brook 12 brown 12 bull — see Dolly Varden cutthroat 11 Eastern brook — see trout, brook Gila 11 golden 11 grey — see trout, lake; weakfish Kamloops — see trout, rainbow lake 12 Mackinaw — see trout, lake mountain — see trout, cutthroat Quebec red 12 rainbow 11 rock — see greenling, kelp sand— see seatrout, sand sea — see also greenling, kelp; sea- trout, spotted speckled — see trout, brook steelhead 11 see also trout, rainbow summer — see weakfish Sunapee 12 see also char, Arctic white — see char, Arctic ; seatrout, sand winter — see seatrout, spotted trout-perch 24 Columbia — see sand roller trout-perches 24 trouts 11 trumpetfish 23 trumpetfishes 23 trunkfish 49 horned — see cowfish smooth 49 spiny 49 spotted 49 trunkfishes 49 tube-eye 24 tube-eyes 24 tube-snout 23 tube-snouts 23 INDEX TO COMMON NAMES 75 tuna, Atlantic — see tuna, bluefin bigeye 35 blackfin 35 bluefin 35 little 34 skipjack 34 striped — see tuna, skipjack yellowfin 35 tunas 34 turbot, California — see sole, curlfin C-0— see sole, C-0 common — see triggerfish, gray curlfin — see sole, curlfin diamond 47 hornyhead 47 Nassau— see triggerfish, queen sharp ridge— see turbot, hornyhead spotted 47 tyee — see salmon, chinook V Varden, Dolly 12 W wahoo 34 snake — see wahoo walleye 29 warmouth 27 Warsaw — see grouper, Warsaw weakfish 31 spotted — see seatrout, spotted weatherfish, oriental 18 wenchman 26 whalesucker 48 whiff, bay 46 horned 46 spotted 46 whipray — see ray, spotted eagle whitebait — see silverside whitefish — see also wolffish, Atlantic Bear Lake 11 Bonneville 11 broad 11 humpback 11 lake 11 Menominee — see whitefish, round mountain 11 ocean 29 pygmy 11 Rocky Mountain — see whitefish, mountain round 11 whitefishes U whiting — see also hake, silver; pollock, M^alleye California — see corbina, California sand — see windowpane windowpane 47 wolf -eel 43 wolffish — see also lancetfish. Pacific Atlantic 43 Bering 43 northern 43 spotted 43 wolfhshes 43 wormfish, pink 36 pugjaw 36 wormfishes 36 woundfin 16 wrasse, blackear 34 clown 34 Creole 33 dwarf 33 greenband 33 painted 33 rock 34 yellowhead 33 wrasses 33 wreckfish 25 wrymouth 44 dwarf 44 giant 44 Y Y-blenny 44 yellowtail 30 see also flounder, yellowtail; snap- per, yellowiiail ; perch, silver yowler — see pout, ocean acaC